{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T07:14:57Z","timestamp":1763018097128,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"ASME International","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":["asmedigitalcollection.asme.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Manual wheelchair (WC) users with spinal cord injury (SCI) experience shoulder pain and fatigue associated with their increased reliance on the upper extremity during activities of daily living (Bayley et al. 1987, \u201cThe Weight-Bearing Shoulder. The Impingement Syndrome in Paraplegics,\u201d J. Bone Jt. Surg. Am., 69(5), pp. 676\u2013678). We hypothesized that the mechanical demand imposed on the shoulder, represented as resultant shoulder net joint moment (NJM) impulse, would be greater when initiating manual WC propulsion from a stationary position without momentum than when manually propelling at speed on a level sidewalk. Thirty manual WC users with paraplegia participated. Each individual initiated manual WC propulsion from a stationary position and propelled on a level sidewalk at their self-selected fast speed. Upper extremity kinematics and pushrim reaction forces (RFs) were measured and upper extremity joint kinetics were calculated and compared (\u03b1\u2009=\u20090.05) between cycle 1, initiated without momentum, and cycle 3 with momentum. Results indicate that multiple factors contributing to the mechanical demand imposed on the shoulder were significantly greater when manual WC propulsion was initiated without momentum than with momentum. Significant differences in resultant shoulder NJM impulse, push duration, orientation of RF relative to forearm, and resultant average shoulder NJMs during push were observed between momentum conditions. No significant differences in average resultant RF during push were found. These results indicate that mechanical loading of the shoulder during manual WC propulsion differs between momentum conditions; these differences in resultant shoulder NJM impulse during push need to be considered when assessing shoulder load exposure in stop-and-start activities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4045492","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,21]],"date-time":"2019-11-21T09:19:33Z","timestamp":1574327973000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1115\/crossmarkpolicy-asme","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Reaction Force Generation and Mechanical Demand Imposed on the Shoulder When Initiating Manual Wheelchair Propulsion and at Self-Selected Fast Speeds"],"prefix":"10.1115","volume":"141","author":[{"given":"Marisa","family":"Papp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, 3560 Watt Way PED B10, Los Angeles, CA 90089"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Russell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, 3560 Watt Way PED B10, Los Angeles, CA 90089"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philip S.","family":"Requejo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center, Rancho Research Institute, 7601 E Imperial Hwy, Downey, CA 90242"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Furumasu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center, Rancho Research Institute, 7601 E Imperial Hwy, Downey, CA 90242"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jill L.","family":"McNitt-Gray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Biological Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, 3560 Watt Way PED B10, Los Angeles, CA 90089"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"33","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"2019112706000565400_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198769050-00006","article-title":"The Weight-Bearing Shoulder. The Impingement Syndrome in Paraplegics","volume":"69","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Bone Jt. Surg. Am."},{"issue":"3","key":"2019112706000565400_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3100802","article-title":"Upper Extremity Pain After Spinal Cord Injury","volume":"37","year":"1999","journal-title":"Spinal Cord."},{"issue":"4","key":"2019112706000565400_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(99)90285-X","article-title":"Shoulder Pain in Wheelchair Users With Tetraplegia and Paraplegia","volume":"80","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"issue":"3","key":"2019112706000565400_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1080\/10790268.2007.11753933","article-title":"The Relationship of Shoulder Pain Intensity to Quality of Life, Physical Activity, and Community Participation in Persons With Paraplegia","volume":"30","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Spinal Cord. Med."},{"key":"2019112706000565400_bib5","first-page":"141","article-title":"Shoulder Pain and Functional Disability in Spinal Cord Injury Patients","year":"1991","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"2019112706000565400_bib6","first-page":"219","article-title":"Upper Limb Function in Persons With Long Term Paraplegia and Implications for Independence: Part II","volume":"32","year":"1994","journal-title":"Paraplegia"},{"issue":"10","key":"2019112706000565400_bib7","first-page":"896","article-title":"Association of Shoulder Pain With the Use of Mobility Devices in Persons With Chronic Spinal Cord Injury","volume":"2","author":"Jain","year":"2010","journal-title":"Platinum Met. Rev."},{"issue":"8","key":"2019112706000565400_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medengphy.2012.12.002","article-title":"Reconfiguration of the Upper Extremity Relative to the Pushrim Affects Load Distribution during Wheelchair Propulsion","volume":"35","author":"Munaretto","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med. Eng. Phys."},{"year":"2019","author":"National Spinal Cord Injury Statistical Center,","key":"2019112706000565400_bib9"},{"issue":"1","key":"2019112706000565400_bib10","first-page":"44","article-title":"Upper Extremity Pain in the Postrehabilitation Spinal Cord Injured Patient","volume":"73","year":"1992","journal-title":"Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"issue":"3","key":"2019112706000565400_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2011.10.001","article-title":"Simulated Effect of Reaction Force Redirection on the Upper Extremity Mechanical Demand Imposed During Manual Wheelchair Propulsion","volume":"27","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Biomech. (Bristol, Avon)"},{"issue":"3","key":"2019112706000565400_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1179\/2045772312Y.0000000013","article-title":"Effect of Choice of Recovery Patterns on Handrim Kinetics in Manual Wheelchair Users With Paraplegia and Tetraplegia","volume":"35","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Spinal Cord Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"2019112706000565400_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2004.08.0106","article-title":"A Kinetic Analysis of Manual Wheelchair Propulsion During Start-Up on Select Indoor and Outdoor Surfaces","volume":"42","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Rehabil. Res. Dev."},{"key":"2019112706000565400_bib14","first-page":"1","article-title":"Modifications in Wheelchair Propulsion Technique With Speed","volume":"3","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"year":"2018","key":"2019112706000565400_bib15","first-page":"8"},{"issue":"2","key":"2019112706000565400_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(02)00320-2","article-title":"The Push Force Pattern in Manual Wheelchair Propulsion as a Balance Between Cost and Effect","volume":"36","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Biomech."},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"2019112706000565400_bib17","first-page":"S39","article-title":"Force Direction in Manual Wheel Chair Propulsion: Balance Between Effect and Cost","volume":"15","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin. Biomech."},{"issue":"14","key":"2019112706000565400_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2771","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2010.06.020","article-title":"The Influence of Altering Push Force Effectiveness on Upper Extremity Demand During Wheelchair Propulsion","volume":"43","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"issue":"5","key":"2019112706000565400_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1080\/10790268.2005.11753844","article-title":"Preservation of Upper Limb Function Following Spinal Cord Injury: A Clinical Practice Guideline for Health-Care Professionals","volume":"28","author":"Anon","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Spinal Cord Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"2019112706000565400_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-0296","article-title":"Seat Height: Effects on Submaximal Hand Rim Wheelchair Performance During Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation","volume":"41","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Rehabil. Med."},{"issue":"9","key":"2019112706000565400_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(95)00178-6","article-title":"Adjustments to Zatsiorsky-Seluyanov's Segment Inertia Parameters","volume":"29","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Biomech."}],"container-title":["Journal of Biomechanical Engineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/asmedigitalcollection.asme.org\/biomechanical\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1115\/1.4045492\/6455912\/bio_141_12_124505.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/asmedigitalcollection.asme.org\/biomechanical\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1115\/1.4045492\/6455912\/bio_141_12_124505.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,27]],"date-time":"2019-11-27T06:00:23Z","timestamp":1574834423000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/asmedigitalcollection.asme.org\/biomechanical\/article\/doi\/10.1115\/1.4045492\/1069479\/Reaction-Force-Generation-and-Mechanical-Demand"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,27]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1115\/1.4045492","relation":{},"ISSN":["0148-0731","1528-8951"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0148-0731"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1528-8951"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,27]]},"article-number":"124505"}}