{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T22:50:13Z","timestamp":1790635813587,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"ASME International","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]],"date-time":"2021-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612137600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.asme.org\/publications-submissions\/publishing-information\/legal-policies"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5R01DC009616"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5R01DC009616"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["asmedigitalcollection.asme.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>A hydrodynamic\/acoustic splitting method was used to examine the effect of supraglottal acoustics on fluid\u2013structure interactions during human voice production in a two-dimensional computational model. The accuracy of the method in simulating compressible flows in typical human airway conditions was verified by comparing it to full compressible flow simulations. The method was coupled with a three-mass model of vocal fold lateral motion to simulate fluid\u2013structure interactions during human voice production. By separating the acoustic perturbation components of the airflow, the method allows isolation of the role of supraglottal acoustics in fluid\u2013structure interactions. The results showed that an acoustic resonance between a higher harmonic of the sound source and the first formant of the supraglottal tract occurred during normal human phonation when the fundamental frequency was much lower than the formants. The resonance resulted in acoustic pressure perturbation at the glottis which was of the same order as the incompressible flow pressure and found to affect vocal fold vibrations and glottal flow rate waveform. Specifically, the acoustic perturbation delayed the opening of the glottis, reduced the vertical phase difference of vocal fold vibrations, decreased flow rate and maximum flow deceleration rate (MFDR) at the glottal exit; yet, they had little effect on glottal opening. The results imply that the sound generation in the glottis and acoustic resonance in the supraglottal tract are coupled processes during human voice production and computer modeling of vocal fold vibrations needs to include supraglottal acoustics for accurate predictions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4049497","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,7]],"date-time":"2021-01-07T03:57:52Z","timestamp":1609991872000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1115\/crossmarkpolicy-asme","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Effect of Supraglottal Acoustics on Fluid\u2013Structure Interaction During Human Voice Production"],"prefix":"10.1115","volume":"143","author":[{"given":"Dariush","family":"Bodaghi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maine, 204 Crosby Hall, Orono, ME 04473"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weili","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maine, 204 Crosby Hall, Orono, ME 04473"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maine, Room 213, Boardman Hall, Orono, ME 04473"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xudong","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maine, Room 213 A, Boardman Hall, Orono, ME 04473"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"33","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"2021020106592083000_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2733","DOI":"10.1121\/1.2832337","article-title":"Nonlinear Source\u2013Filter Coupling in Phonation: Theory","volume":"123","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021020106592083000_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1109\/TAU.1968.1161949","article-title":"Self-Oscillating Source for Vocal-Tract Synthesizers","volume":"16","year":"1968","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Audio Electroacoust."},{"issue":"6","key":"2021020106592083000_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1538-7305.1972.tb02651.x","article-title":"Synthesis of Voiced Sounds From a Two-Mass Model of the Vocal Cords","volume":"51","year":"1972","journal-title":"Bell Syst. Tech. J."},{"issue":"4","key":"2021020106592083000_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1902","DOI":"10.1121\/1.2832339","article-title":"Nonlinear Source\u2013Filter Coupling in Phonation: Vocal Exercises","volume":"123","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"issue":"3","key":"2021020106592083000_bib5","first-page":"468","article-title":"Voice Instabilities Due to Source-Tract Interactions","volume":"92","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Acust. Acust."},{"issue":"5","key":"2021020106592083000_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2841","DOI":"10.1121\/1.2354025","article-title":"Aerodynamically and Acoustically Driven Modes of Vibration in a Physical Model of the Vocal Folds","volume":"120","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"issue":"3","key":"2021020106592083000_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1558","DOI":"10.1121\/1.2225682","article-title":"The Influence of Subglottal Acoustics on Laboratory Models of Phonation","volume":"120","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"2021020106592083000_bib8","first-page":"299","article-title":"Influence of Vocal Fold Stiffness and Acoustic Loading on Flow-Induced Vibration of a Single-Layer Vocal Fold Model","volume":"322","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Sound Vib."},{"issue":"3","key":"2021020106592083000_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2012.12.012","article-title":"Nonlinear Source-Filter Coupling Due to the Addition of a Simplified Vocal Tract Model for Excised Larynx Experiments","volume":"27","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Voice"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021020106592083000_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2016.04.010","article-title":"New Evidence That Nonlinear Source-Filter Coupling Affects Harmonic Intensity and fo Stability During Instances of Harmonics Crossing Formants","volume":"31","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Voice"},{"key":"2021020106592083000_bib11","volume-title":"Acoustic Theory of Speech Production","year":"1960"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021020106592083000_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1044\/jshr.0404.303","article-title":"An Acoustical Theory of Vowel Production and Some of Its Implications","volume":"4","year":"1961","journal-title":"J. Speech Lang. Hear. Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"2021020106592083000_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1250\/ast.23.195","article-title":"An Overview of the Physiology, Physics and Modeling of the Sound Source for Vowels","volume":"23","year":"2002","journal-title":"Acoust. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2021020106592083000_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2006\/034)","article-title":"Theoretical Analysis of Maximum Flow Declination Rate Versus Maximum Area Declination Rate in Phonation","volume":"49","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Speech Lang. Hear. Res."},{"key":"2021020106592083000_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compfluid.2019.02.013","article-title":"Modeling of Slightly-Compressible Isentropic Flows and Compressibility Effects on Fluid-Structure Interactions","volume":"182","year":"2019","journal-title":"Comput. Fluids"},{"key":"2021020106592083000_bib16","first-page":"801","article-title":"FE Modelling of the Fluid-Structure-Acoustic Interaction for the Vocal Folds Self-Oscillation","volume-title":"Vibration Problems ICOVP 2011","year":"2011"},{"key":"2021020106592083000_bib17","unstructured":"Saurabh, \nS., 2017, \u201c\nDirect Numerical Simulation of Human Phonation,\u201d Ph.D. thesis, \nUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL.https:\/\/ui.adsabs.harvard.edu\/abs\/2017APS..DFD.Q4010B\/abstract"},{"key":"2021020106592083000_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compstruc.2012.10.022","article-title":"Acoustically-Coupled Flow-Induced Vibration of a Computational Vocal Fold Model","volume":"116","year":"2013","journal-title":"Comput. Struct."},{"key":"2021020106592083000_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compfluid.2013.06.031","article-title":"Investigation of Prescribed Movement in Fluid\u2013Structure Interaction Simulation for the Human Phonation Process","volume":"86","year":"2013","journal-title":"Comput. Fluids"},{"issue":"41\u201344","key":"2021020106592083000_bib20","first-page":"3321","article-title":"A 2D Finite-Element Scheme for Fluid\u2013Solid\u2013Acoustic Interactions and Its Application to Human Phonation","volume":"198","year":"2009","journal-title":"Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021020106592083000_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1121\/1.2932340","article-title":"Aerodynamic Sound Generation of Flapping Wing","volume":"124","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"issue":"4","key":"2021020106592083000_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2010.10.017","article-title":"A High-Order Immersed Boundary Method for Acoustic Wave Scattering and Low-Mach Number Flow-Induced Sound in Complex Geometries","volume":"230","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Comput. Phys."},{"key":"2021020106592083000_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proeng.2013.08.024","article-title":"Numerical Simulation of Flow-Induced Sound in Human Voice Production","volume":"61","year":"2013","journal-title":"Procedia Eng."},{"issue":"2","key":"2021020106592083000_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1121\/10.0000785","article-title":"Hybrid Aeroacoustic Approach for the Efficient Numerical Simulation of Human Phonation","volume":"147","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"issue":"2","key":"2021020106592083000_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1121\/1.2409491","article-title":"Influence of Acoustic Loading on an Effective Single Mass Model of the Vocal Folds","volume":"121","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2021020106592083000_bib26","first-page":"7","article-title":"Computational Modeling of Fluid\u2013Structure\u2013Acoustics Interaction During Voice Production","volume":"5","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2021020106592083000_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2006.03.003","article-title":"Linearized Perturbed Compressible Equations for Low Mach Number Aeroacoustics","volume":"218","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Comput. Phys."},{"issue":"10","key":"2021020106592083000_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4825","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2008.01.028","article-title":"A Versatile Sharp Interface Immersed Boundary Method for Incompressible Flows With Complex Boundaries","volume":"227","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Comput. Phys."},{"issue":"11","key":"2021020106592083000_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111003","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4002587","article-title":"A Coupled Sharp-Interface Immersed Boundary-Finite-Element Method for Flow-Structure Interaction With Application to Human Phonation","volume":"132","year":"2010","journal-title":"ASME J. Biomech. Eng."},{"issue":"2","key":"2021020106592083000_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1121\/1.412234","article-title":"Voice Simulation With a Body-Cover Model of the Vocal Folds","volume":"97","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021020106592083000_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1121\/1.3592216","article-title":"Direct-Numerical Simulation of the Glottal Jet and Vocal-Fold Dynamics in a Three-Dimensional Laryngeal Model","volume":"130","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"issue":"3","key":"2021020106592083000_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1602","DOI":"10.1121\/1.4740485","article-title":"Computational Modeling of Phonatory Dynamics in a Tubular Three-Dimensional Model of the Human Larynx","volume":"132","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"issue":"3","key":"2021020106592083000_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1121\/1.4864479","article-title":"Subject-Specific Computational Modeling of Human Phonation","volume":"135","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"issue":"3","key":"2021020106592083000_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2016.04.006","article-title":"The Effect of False Vocal Folds on Laryngeal Flow Resistance in a Tubular Three-Dimensional Computational Laryngeal Model","volume":"31","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Voice"},{"issue":"9","key":"2021020106592083000_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4718","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1922147117","article-title":"High-Fidelity Continuum Modeling Predicts Avian Voiced Sound Production","volume":"117","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"2021020106592083000_bib36","article-title":"A General Buffer Zone-Type Non-Reflecting Boundary Condition for Computational Aeroacoustics","volume-title":"AIAA","year":"2003"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"2021020106592083000_bib37","first-page":"393","article-title":"Glottal Flow: Models and Interaction","volume":"14","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Phonetics"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021020106592083000_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1121\/1.415960","article-title":"Vocal Tract Area Functions From Magnetic Resonance Imaging","volume":"100","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"issue":"3","key":"2021020106592083000_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-008-9630-9","article-title":"A Computational Study of the Effect of False Vocal Folds on Glottal Flow and Vocal Fold Vibration During Phonation","volume":"37","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"2021020106592083000_bib40","volume-title":"Principles of Voice Production","year":"2000"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021020106592083000_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1006\/jpho.1998.0076","article-title":"Parameterization of Vocal Tract Area Functions by Empirical Orthogonal Modes","volume":"26","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Phonetics"},{"issue":"7","key":"2021020106592083000_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1109\/TASSP.1987.1165240","article-title":"A Hybrid Time-Frequency Domain Articulatory Speech Synthesizer","volume":"35","year":"1987","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Acoust., Speech, Signal Process."},{"key":"2021020106592083000_bib43","volume-title":"Clinical Measurement of Speech and Voice","year":"1987"}],"container-title":["Journal of Biomechanical Engineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/asmedigitalcollection.asme.org\/biomechanical\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1115\/1.4049497\/6626652\/bio_143_04_041010.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/asmedigitalcollection.asme.org\/biomechanical\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1115\/1.4049497\/6626652\/bio_143_04_041010.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]],"date-time":"2021-02-01T07:00:07Z","timestamp":1612162807000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/asmedigitalcollection.asme.org\/biomechanical\/article\/doi\/10.1115\/1.4049497\/1094015\/Effect-of-Supraglottal-Acoustics-on-Fluid"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1115\/1.4049497","relation":{},"ISSN":["0148-0731","1528-8951"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0148-0731","type":"print"},{"value":"1528-8951","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]]},"article-number":"041010"}}