{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T10:21:11Z","timestamp":1783592471354,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"ASME International","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,28]],"date-time":"2021-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.asme.org\/publications-submissions\/publishing-information\/legal-policies"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000005","name":"U.S. Department of Defense","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W81XWH-14-1-0228"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH-14-1-0228"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["asmedigitalcollection.asme.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Blast-induced injuries affect the health of veterans, in which the auditory system is often damaged, and blast-induced auditory damage to the cochlea is difficult to quantify. A recent study modeled blast overpressure (BOP) transmission throughout the ear utilizing a straight, two-chambered cochlea, but the spiral cochlea\u2019s response to blast exposure has yet to be investigated. In this study, we utilized a human ear finite element (FE) model with a spiraled, two-chambered cochlea to simulate the response of the anatomical structural cochlea to BOP exposure. The FE model included an ear canal, middle ear, and two and half turns of two-chambered cochlea and simulated a BOP from the ear canal entrance to the spiral cochlea in a transient analysis utilizing fluid\u2013structure interfaces. The model\u2019s middle ear was validated with experimental pressure measurements from the outer and middle ear of human temporal bones. The results showed high stapes footplate (SFP) displacements up to 28.5\u2009\u03bcm resulting in high intracochlear pressures and basilar membrane (BM) displacements up to 43.2\u2009\u03bcm from a BOP input of 30.7\u2009kPa. The cochlea\u2019s spiral shape caused asymmetric pressure distributions as high as 4\u2009kPa across the cochlea\u2019s width and higher BM transverse motion than that observed in a similar straight cochlea model. The developed spiral cochlea model provides an advancement from the straight cochlea model to increase the understanding of cochlear mechanics during blast and progresses toward a model able to predict potential hearing loss after blast.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4051925","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,28]],"date-time":"2021-07-28T06:13:07Z","timestamp":1627452787000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1115\/crossmarkpolicy-asme","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Three-Dimensional Finite Element Modeling of Blast Wave Transmission From the External Ear to a Spiral Cochlea"],"prefix":"10.1115","volume":"144","author":[{"given":"Marcus A.","family":"Brown","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma , Norman, OK 73019"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John J.","family":"Bradshaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma , Norman, OK 73019"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rong Z.","family":"Gan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor of Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Oklahoma , Norman, OK 73019"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"33","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"2022091300023110700_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2012.02.0024","article-title":"Blast-Related Ear Injuries Among U.S. Military Personnel","volume":"50","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. 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