{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T17:07:57Z","timestamp":1781197677525,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"ASME International","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,15]],"date-time":"2022-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644883200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.asme.org\/publications-submissions\/publishing-information\/legal-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["asmedigitalcollection.asme.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>In vitro biomechanical testing is common in the field of orthopedics when novel devices are investigated prior to human trials. It is typically necessary to apply loads through tendons to simulate normal activities, such as walking during a foot and ankle study. However, attachment of tendons to linear actuators has proven challenging because of the tendency of clamps to either slip off or rupture the tendon. Various techniques have been utilized. Freeze clamping is generally accepted as the gold standard for very high load testing in excess of 3000\u2009N, but is expensive, time-consuming, and requires significant ancillary equipment. Purely mechanical solutions such as metal jaw clamps, wire meshes, and others have been explored, but these techniques are either costly, have low load capacities, or have not proven to be reproducible. We have developed a novel tendon clamping technique that utilizes a slip-resistant polyester mesh sleeving that encases the tendon and is fixated at the bottom of the tendon\/sleeve interaction with a giftbox suture. The loose end of the sleeving can then be tied in to the linear actuator or load cell apparatus using a timber hitch knot. The sleeving technique allows for loads of 2000\u20132500\u2009N on the Achilles tendon, and is inexpensive, reproducible, and can be modified to apply loads to smaller tendons as well, though a length of tendon\/sleeve overlap of at least 16\u2009cm is required to reach maximum loads. This technique should assist researchers in integrating muscle forces into future biomechanical study designs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4053206","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,13]],"date-time":"2021-12-13T13:08:21Z","timestamp":1639400901000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1115\/crossmarkpolicy-asme","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A Novel and Inexpensive Technique for High-Tension Tendon Clamping With Expandable Mesh Sleeving for In Vitro Foot Biomechanics Testing"],"prefix":"10.1115","volume":"144","author":[{"given":"Joshua L.","family":"Golubovsky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Education Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9980 Carnegie Ave, Cleveland, OH 44195"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Callan M.","family":"Gillespie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Principal Research Engineer Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tara F.","family":"Nagle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Principal Research Engineer Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeremy G.","family":"Loss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Senior Research Engineer Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robb W.","family":"Colbrunn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"33","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"2022021511264171700_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(82)90073-2","article-title":"The Cryo-Jaw, a Clamp Designed for In Vitro Rheology Studies of Horse Digital Flexor Tendons","volume":"15","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. 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