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Using detailed three-dimensional models of an intact and implanted lumbar spine and the strain energy density based bone remodeling algorithm, this study aimed to investigate the evolutionary changes in distribution of bone density (\u03c1) around porous and solid interbody cages. Follower load technique and submodeling approach were employed to simulate applied loading conditions on the lumbar spine models. The study determined the relationship between mechanical properties and parametrical characteristics of porous body-centered-cubic (BCC) models, which corroborated well with Gibson-Ashby and exponential regression models. Variations in porosity affected the peri-prosthetic stress distributions and bone remodeling around the cages. In comparison to the solid cage, stresses and strains in the cancellous bone decreased with an increase in cage porosity; whereas the range of motion increased. For the solid cage, increase in bone density of 20\u201328% was predicted in the L4 inferior and L5 superior regions; whereas the model with 78% porosity exhibited a small 3\u20135% change in bone density. An overall increase of 9\u201314% bone density was predicted in the L4 and L5 vertebrae after remodeling for solid interbody cages, which may influence disk degeneration in the adjacent segment. In comparison to the solid cage, an interbody cage with 65-78% porosity could be a viable and promising alternative, provided sufficient mechanical strength is offered.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4054457","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,29]],"date-time":"2022-04-29T22:04:28Z","timestamp":1651269868000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1115\/crossmarkpolicy-asme","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Bone Remodeling Around Solid and Porous Interbody Cages in the Lumbar Spine"],"prefix":"10.1115","volume":"144","author":[{"given":"Rahul Gautam","family":"Talukdar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Technology Development Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur , Kharagpur, West Bengal 721 302, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ceby Mullakkara","family":"Saviour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur , Kharagpur, West Bengal 721 302, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaustubh","family":"Tiwarekar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur , Kharagpur, West Bengal 721 302, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Santanu","family":"Dhara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur , Kharagpur, West Bengal 721 302, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sanjay","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur , Kharagpur, West Bengal 721 302, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"33","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"2022052709531943800_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2013.03.020","article-title":"Adjacent Segment Disease in the Lumbar Spine Following Different Treatment Interventions","volume":"13","year":"2013","journal-title":"Spine J."},{"issue":"4","key":"2022052709531943800_bib2","first-page":"118","article-title":"Biomechanical Analysis of Various Footprints of Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion Devices","volume":"27","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. 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