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Carpal tunnel release surgery transects the transverse carpal ligament to expand the tunnel arch space, decompress the median nerve, and relieve the associated symptoms. However, the surgical procedure unavoidably disrupts essential anatomical, biomechanical and physiological functions of the wrist, potentially causing reduced grip strength, pillar pain, carpal bone instability, scar tissue formation, and perineural fibrosis. It is desirable to decompress the median nerve without surgically transecting the transverse carpal ligament. This paper is to review several approaches we have developed for nonsurgical carpal arch space augmentation (CASA), namely, radio ulnar wrist compression, muscle-ligament interaction, palmar pulling, and collagenolysis of the transverse carpal ligament. Briefly summarized is the research work on the CASA topic about theoretical considerations, in vitro and in situ experiment, computational modeling, and human subject studies with asymptomatic and carpal tunnel syndrome hands.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4056651","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,11]],"date-time":"2023-01-11T10:25:46Z","timestamp":1673432746000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1115\/crossmarkpolicy-asme","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Non-Surgical Carpal Arch Space Augmentation for Median Nerve Decompression"],"prefix":"10.1115","volume":"145","author":[{"given":"Zong-Ming","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, Hand Research Laboratory, University of Arizona , Tucson, AZ 85724"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"33","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"2023062809422823100_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.21257","article-title":"Fiber Orientation of the Transverse Carpal Ligament","volume":"25","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Anat."},{"issue":"3","key":"2023062809422823100_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1053\/jhsu.2001.24972","article-title":"The Prevalence and Characteristics of Nerve Compression Symptoms in the General Population","volume":"26","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. 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