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The objective of this study was to quantify the head kinematics and effects of repetitive soccer headers in adolescents using an instrumented mouthguard. Adolescent soccer players aged 13\u201318\u2009years were randomly assigned to a kicking control, frontal heading, or oblique heading group. Participants completed neurophysiological assessments at three-time points: immediately prior to, immediately after, and approximately 24\u2009h after completing 10 headers or kicks. The suite of assessments included the Post-Concussion Symptom Inventory, visio-vestibular exam, King-Devick test, modified Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction and Balance with force plate sway measurement, pupillary light reflex, and visual evoked potential. Data were collected for 19 participants (17 male). Frontal headers resulted in significantly higher peak resultant linear acceleration (17.4\u2009\u00b1\u20090.5 g) compared to oblique headers (12.1\u2009\u00b1\u20090.4 g, p\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001), and oblique headers resulted in significantly higher peak resultant angular acceleration (frontal: 1147\u2009\u00b1\u200945\u2009rad\/s2, oblique: 1410\u2009\u00b1\u200965\u2009rad\/s2, p\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001). There were no neurophysiological deficits for either heading group or significant differences from controls at either post-heading timepoint, and therefore, a bout of repeated headers did not result in changes in the neurophysiological measures evaluated in this study. The current study provided data regarding the direction of headers with the goal to reduce the risk of repetitive head loading for adolescent athletes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4062423","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,22]],"date-time":"2023-05-22T16:05:38Z","timestamp":1684771538000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1115\/crossmarkpolicy-asme","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Neurophysiological Effects of Repeated Soccer Heading in Youth"],"prefix":"10.1115","volume":"145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0045-5940","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Colin M.","family":"Huber","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA 19104 ; , Philadelphia, PA 19146"},{"name":"Center for Injury Research and Prevention, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia, PA 19104 ; , Philadelphia, PA 19146"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Declan A.","family":"Patton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Injury Research and Prevention, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia, PA 19146"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn R.","family":"Rownd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Injury Research and Prevention, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia, PA 19146"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlyn","family":"Patterson Gentile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Injury Research and Prevention, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia, PA 19146 ; , Philadelphia, PA 19104 ; , Philadelphia, PA 19104"},{"name":"Division of Neurology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia, PA 19146 ; , Philadelphia, PA 19104 ; , Philadelphia, PA 19104"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA 19146 ; , Philadelphia, PA 19104 ; , Philadelphia, PA 19104"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina L.","family":"Master","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Injury Research and Prevention, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia, PA 19146 ; , Philadelphia, PA 19104 ; , Philadelphia, PA 19104"},{"name":"Sports Medicine and Performance Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia, PA 19146 ; , Philadelphia, PA 19104 ; , Philadelphia, PA 19104"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA 19146 ; , Philadelphia, PA 19104 ; , Philadelphia, PA 19104"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristy B.","family":"Arbogast","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Injury Research and Prevention, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia, PA 19146 ; , Philadelphia, PA 19104"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA 19146 ; , Philadelphia, PA 19104"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"33","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"29","key":"2023052216045515600_bib1","first-page":"733","article-title":"Nonfatal Traumatic Brain Injuries From Sports and Recreation Activities\u2013United States, 2001\u20132005","volume":"56","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"2007","journal-title":"Morb. 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