{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T12:46:07Z","timestamp":1753879567566,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"ASME International","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,14]],"date-time":"2023-06-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686700800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.asme.org\/publications-submissions\/publishing-information\/legal-policies"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008665","name":"Universit\u00e9 du Luxembourg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["This research is funded by the Department of Engineering of the University of Luxembourg."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["This research is funded by the Department of Engineering of the University of Luxembourg."]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["asmedigitalcollection.asme.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Biomechanics of the human pelvis and the associated implants are still a medical and engineering debated topic. Today, no biomechanical testing setup is dedicated to pelvis testing and associated reconstructive implants with accepted clinical relevance. This paper uses the computational experiment design procedure to numerically design a biomechanical test stand that emulates the pelvis physiological gait loading. The numerically designed test stand reduces the 57 muscles and joints' contact forces iteratively to only four force actuators. Two hip joints' contact forces and two equivalent muscle forces with a maximum magnitude of 2.3\u2009kN are applied in a bilateral reciprocating action. The stress distribution of the numerical model of the developed test stand is very similar to that of the numerical model of the pelvis with all 57 muscles and joint forces. For instance, at the right arcuate line, the state of stress is identical. However, at the location of superior rami, there is a deviation ranging from 2% to 20% between the two models. The boundary conditions and the nature of loading adopted in this study are more realistic regarding the clinical relevance than state-of-the-art. The numerically developed biomechanical testing setup of the pelvis in this numerical study (Part I) was found to be valid for the experimental testing of the pelvis. The construct of the testing setup and the experimental testing of an intact pelvis under gait loading are discussed in detail in Part II: Experimental Testing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4062538","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]],"date-time":"2023-05-18T13:44:34Z","timestamp":1684417474000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1115\/crossmarkpolicy-asme","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Developing a Biomechanical Testing Setup of the Pelvis\u2014Part I: Computational Design of Experiments"],"prefix":"10.1115","volume":"145","author":[{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Soliman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering, Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine (FSTM), University of Luxembourg , 6, Rue Richard Coudenhove-Kalergi, Luxembourg L-1359, Luxembourg"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pierre-Louis","family":"Ricci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering, Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine (FSTM), University of Luxembourg , 6, Rue Richard Coudenhove-Kalergi, Luxembourg L-1359, Luxembourg"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Slawomir","family":"Kedziora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering, Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine (FSTM), University of Luxembourg , 6, Rue Richard Coudenhove-Kalergi, Luxembourg L-1359, Luxembourg"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jens","family":"Kelm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chirurgisch-Orthop\u00e4disches Zentrum Illingen , Rathausstra\u00dfe 2, Illingen 66557, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Torsten","family":"Gerich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg , 4, rue Barble, Luxembourg L-1210, Luxembourg"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Maas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering, Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine (FSTM), University of Luxembourg , 6, Rue Richard Coudenhove-Kalergi, Luxembourg L-1359, Luxembourg"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"33","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2023062809223971200_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1186\/s13017-019-0282-x","article-title":"Trends and Predictors of Mortality in Unstable Pelvic Ring Fracture: A 10-Year Experience With a Multidisciplinary Institutional Protocol","volume":"14","year":"2019","journal-title":"World J. Emerg. Surg."},{"issue":"1","key":"2023062809223971200_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1177\/2151458515616250","article-title":"A Nationwide Analysis of Pelvic Ring Fractures","volume":"7","year":"2016","journal-title":"Geriatr. Orthop. Surg. Rehabil."},{"volume-title":"Fragility Fracture Nursing","year":"2018","key":"2023062809223971200_bib3"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023062809223971200_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1007\/s11657-020-0706-y","article-title":"Fragility Fractures in Europe: Burden, Management and Opportunities","volume":"15","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch. Osteoporosis"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023062809223971200_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/s10195-009-0050-x","article-title":"Instability of the Pelvic Ring and Injury Severity Can Be Predictors of Death in Patients With Pelvic Ring Fractures: A Retrospective Study","volume":"10","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Traumatol."},{"issue":"6","key":"2023062809223971200_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1624","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.23798","article-title":"Biomechanical Investigation of Four Different Fixation Techniques in Sacrum Denis Type II Fracture With Low Bone Mineral Density","volume":"36","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Res."},{"issue":"7","key":"2023062809223971200_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.23401","article-title":"Biomechanical Comparison of Augmented Versus Non-Augmented Sacroiliac Screws in a Novel Hemi-Pelvis Test Model","volume":"35","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Res."},{"issue":"11","key":"2023062809223971200_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2326","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10112326","article-title":"Biomechanical Comparison of Five Fixation Techniques for Unstable Fragility Fractures of the Pelvic Ring","volume":"10","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"2023062809223971200_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.93B2.24567","article-title":"Biomechanical Testing of a Concept of Posterior Pelvic Reconstruction in Rotationally and Vertically Unstable Fractures","volume":"93-B","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Bone Jt. Surg., Br. Vol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2023062809223971200_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/1749-799X-7-31","article-title":"Biomechanical Stability of a Supra-Acetabular Pedicle Screw Internal Fixation Device (INFIX) vs External Fixation and Plates for Vertically Unstable Pelvic Fractures","volume":"7","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Surg. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"2023062809223971200_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-015-0529-5","article-title":"Symphyseal Internal Rod Fixation Versus Standard Plate Fixation for Open Book Pelvic Ring Injuries: A Biomechanical Study","volume":"42","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Trauma Emerg. Surg."},{"issue":"2","key":"2023062809223971200_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-017-0788-4","article-title":"Biomechanical Analysis of Anterior Ring Fixation of the Ramus in Type C Pelvis Fractures","volume":"44","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Trauma Emerg. Surg."},{"issue":"1","key":"2023062809223971200_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1186\/s12938-019-0648-z","article-title":"Modified Less Invasive Anterior Subcutaneous Fixator for Unstable Tile-C-Pelvic Ring Fractures: A Biomechanical Study","volume":"18","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomed. Eng. Online"},{"issue":"4","key":"2023062809223971200_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-1697973","article-title":"Placas Anteriores S\u00e3o Mais Efetivas Do Que Parafusos Iliossacrais Na Fixa\u00e7\u00e3o Da Articula\u00e7\u00e3o Sacroil\u00edaca? Estudo Biomec\u00e2nico","volume":"55","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. Ortop. (Sao Paulo)"},{"issue":"7","key":"2023062809223971200_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.6061\/clinics\/2013(07)22","article-title":"Biomechanical Analysis of the Acetabular Buttress-Plate: Are Complex Acetabular Fractures in the Quadrilateral Area Stable After Treatment With Anterior Construct Plate-1\/3 Tube Buttress Plate Fixation?","volume":"68","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clinics"},{"key":"2023062809223971200_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2017.06.007","article-title":"Biomechanical Study of Different Fixation Techniques for the Treatment of Sacroiliac Joint Injuries Using Finite Element Analyses and Biomechanical Tests","volume":"87","year":"2017","journal-title":"Comput. Biol. Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"2023062809223971200_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.31616\/asj.2018.12.6.967","article-title":"Biomechanical Study of Posterior Pelvic Fixations in Vertically Unstable Sacral Fractures: An Alternative to Triangular Osteosynthesis","volume":"12","year":"2018","journal-title":"Asian Spine J."},{"issue":"1","key":"2023062809223971200_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-021-02348-y","article-title":"Biomechanical Study of Tile C3 Pelvic Fracture Fixation Using an Anterior Internal System Combined With Sacroiliac Screws","volume":"16","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Surg. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"2023062809223971200_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15980","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-34387-7","article-title":"Pelvic Orthosis Effects on Posterior Pelvis Kinematics an In-Vitro Biomechanical Study","volume":"8","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"2023062809223971200_bib20","first-page":"1","article-title":"In Silico Pelvis and Sacroiliac Joint Motion: Refining a Model of the Human Osteoligamentous Pelvis for Assessing Physiological Load Deformation Using an Inverted Validation Approach","volume":"2019","year":"2019","journal-title":"BioMed Res. Int."},{"issue":"2","key":"2023062809223971200_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2013.11.008","article-title":"Two-Leg Alternate Loading Model\u2014A Different Approach to Biomechanical Investigations of Fixation Methods of the Injured Pelvic Ring With Focus on the Pubic Symphysis","volume":"47","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"2023062809223971200_bib22","unstructured":"Ricci, \nP.-L., 2019, \u201c\nNumerical Analysis of Gait Load Distribution in the Human Pelvis and Design of a Biomechanical Testing Device: Experimental Assessment of Two Implants for Anterior Fragility Fractures,\u201d Ph.D. thesis, \nUniversity of Luxembourg, Luxembourg.https:\/\/orbilu.uni.lu\/handle\/10993\/40003"},{"article-title":"An Advanced Approach to Design Experiments to Investigate the Biomechanics of the Pelvis","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 23rd Congress of the European Society of Biomechanics","year":"2017","key":"2023062809223971200_bib23"},{"article-title":"Sawbones Biomechanical Catalogue","year":"2021","author":"Sawbones","key":"2023062809223971200_bib24"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023062809223971200_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.01.015","article-title":"User-Guided 3D Active Contour Segmentation of Anatomical Structures: Significantly Improved Efficiency and Reliability","volume":"31","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"article-title":"Autodesk Meshmixer","year":"2020","author":"Autodesk","key":"2023062809223971200_bib26"},{"article-title":"AnyBody Modeling System","year":"2019","author":"AnyBody","key":"2023062809223971200_bib27"},{"edition":"3rd ed.","volume-title":"Kinesiology of the Musculoskeletal System, Foundations for Rehabilitation","year":"2014","key":"2023062809223971200_bib28"},{"article-title":"FormFutura","year":"2020","author":"FormFutura","key":"2023062809223971200_bib29"},{"article-title":"Prusa Research","year":"2020","author":"PrusaResearch","key":"2023062809223971200_bib30"},{"article-title":"Academic Research Mechanical, Release 20.2 Ansys Mechanical, Structural FEA Analysis Software","year":"2020","author":"Ansys\u00ae","key":"2023062809223971200_bib31"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023062809223971200_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-005-0050-8","article-title":"Estimation of Pelvic Tilt on Anteroposterior X-Rays\u2014A Comparison of Six Parameters","volume":"35","year":"2006","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol."},{"key":"2023062809223971200_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medengphy.2017.02.001","article-title":"The Effect of Boundary Constraints on Finite Element Modelling of the Human Pelvis","volume":"43","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med. Eng. Phys."},{"key":"2023062809223971200_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2017.11.006","article-title":"Evaluation of Full Pelvic Ring Stresses Using a Bilateral Static Gait-Phase Finite Element Modeling Method","volume":"78","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater."},{"issue":"1","key":"2023062809223971200_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1111\/os.12315","article-title":"Influence of Different Boundary Conditions in Finite Element Analysis on Pelvic Biomechanical Load Transmission","volume":"9","year":"2017","journal-title":"Orthop. Surg."},{"issue":"5","key":"2023062809223971200_bib36","first-page":"1000241","article-title":"Using a Finite Element Pediatric Hip Model in Clinical Evaluation\u2014A Feasibility Study","volume":"7","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Bioeng. Biomed. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"2023062809223971200_bib37","first-page":"29","article-title":"The Influence of Osteoporotic Bone Structures of the Pelvic-Hip Complex on Stress Distribution Under Impact Load","volume":"20","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Bioeng. Biomech."},{"key":"2023062809223971200_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2018.10.036","article-title":"In Vitro Experimental and Numerical Study on Biomechanics and Stability of a Novel Adjustable Hemipelvic Prosthesis","volume":"90","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater."}],"container-title":["Journal of Biomechanical Engineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/asmedigitalcollection.asme.org\/biomechanical\/article-pdf\/145\/10\/101001\/7021536\/bio_145_10_101001.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/asmedigitalcollection.asme.org\/biomechanical\/article-pdf\/145\/10\/101001\/7021536\/bio_145_10_101001.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,28]],"date-time":"2023-06-28T09:23:02Z","timestamp":1687944182000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/asmedigitalcollection.asme.org\/biomechanical\/article\/145\/10\/101001\/1163459\/Developing-a-Biomechanical-Testing-Setup-of-the"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,14]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1115\/1.4062538","relation":{},"ISSN":["0148-0731","1528-8951"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0148-0731"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1528-8951"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,14]]},"article-number":"101001"}}