{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T11:32:58Z","timestamp":1788003178147,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"ASME International","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,13]],"date-time":"2024-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705104000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.asme.org\/publications-submissions\/publishing-information\/legal-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["asmedigitalcollection.asme.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Variability in body shape and soft tissue geometry have the potential to affect the body's interaction with automotive safety systems. In this study, we developed a methodology to capture information on body shape, superficial soft tissue geometry, skeletal geometry, and seatbelt fit relative to the skeleton\u2014in automotive postures\u2014using Open Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Volunteer posture and belt fit were first measured in a vehicle and then reproduced in a custom MRI-safe seat (with an MR-visible seatbelt) placed in an Open MR scanner. Overlapping scans were performed to create registered three-dimensional reconstructions spanning from the thigh to the clavicles. Data were collected with ten volunteers (5 female, 5 male), each in their self-selected driving posture and in a reclined posture. Examination of the MRIs showed that in the males with substantial anterior abdominal adipose tissue, the abdominal adipose tissue tended to overhang the pelvis, narrowing in the region of the Anterior Superior Iliac Spine (ASIS). For the females, the adipose tissue depth around the lower abdomen and pelvis was more uniform, with a more continuous layer superficial to the ASIS. Across the volunteers, the pelvis rotated rearward by an average of 62% of the change in seatback angle during recline. In some cases, the lap belt drew nearer to the pelvis as the volunteer reclined (as the overhanging folds of adipose tissue stretched). In others, the belt-to-pelvis distance increased as the volunteer reclined. These observations highlight the importance of considering both interdemographic and intrademographic variability when developing tools to assess safety system robustness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4064477","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,13]],"date-time":"2024-01-13T05:50:27Z","timestamp":1705125027000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1115\/crossmarkpolicy-asme","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Variability in Body Shape, Superficial Soft Tissue Geometry, and Seatbelt Fit Relative to the Pelvis in Automotive Postures\u2014Methods for Volunteer Data Collection With Open Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"prefix":"10.1115","volume":"146","author":[{"given":"Jason","family":"Forman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Applied Biomechanics, University of Virginia Center for Applied Biomechanics , 4040 Lewis and Clark Dr., Charlottesville, VA 22911"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabrielle","family":"Booth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MEA Forensic Engineers & Scientists , 11151 Horseshoe Way, Richmond, BC V7A 4S5, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivia","family":"Mergler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Applied Biomechanics, University of Virginia Center for Applied Biomechanics , 4040 Lewis and Clark Dr., Charlottesville, VA 22911"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Romani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of British Columbia , 2222 Health Sciences Lane, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Honglin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of British Columbia , 798 - 2635 Laurel Street, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolyn","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MEA Forensic Engineers & Scientists , 23281 Vista Grande Drive, Laguna Hills, CA 92653"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2387-941X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gunter P.","family":"Siegmund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of British Columbia, 798 - 2635 Laurel Street, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada ; , 3281 Vista Grande Drive, Laguna Hills, CA 92653"},{"name":"MEA Forensic Engineers & Scientists 798 - 2635 Laurel Street, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada ; , 3281 Vista Grande Drive, Laguna Hills, CA 92653"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bengt","family":"Pipkorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Autoliv Research and Chalmers University , Wallentinsv\u00e4gen 22 Vargarda, V\u00e4sterg\u00f6tland 44793, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5067-0833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Cripton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia , 2222 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"33","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024012916371486500_bib1","first-page":"371","article-title":"On the Fatal Crash Experience of Older Drivers","volume-title":"Annual Proceedings\/Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine","year":"2005"},{"issue":"sup2","key":"2024012916371486500_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S103","DOI":"10.1080\/15389588.2018.1528356","article-title":"Nonlinear Models of Injury Risk and Implications in Intervention Targeting for Thoracic Injury Mitigation","volume":"19","year":"2018","journal-title":"Traffic Inj. 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