{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,30]],"date-time":"2025-08-30T17:05:06Z","timestamp":1756573506374,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"ASME International","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.asme.org\/publications-submissions\/publishing-information\/legal-policies"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CBET-2028474"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CBET-2028474"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["asmedigitalcollection.asme.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Childbirth or labor, as the final phase of a pregnancy, is a biomechanical process that delivers the fetus from the uterus. It mainly involves two important biological structures in the mother, the uterus\u2014generating the pushing force on the fetus\u2014and the pelvis (bony pelvis and pelvic floor muscles)\u2014resisting the movement of the fetus. The existing computational models developed in this field that simulate the childbirth process have focused on either the uterine expulsion force or the resistive structures of the pelvis, not both. An FEM model including both structures as a system was developed in this paper to simulate the fetus delivery process in ls-dyna. Uterine active contraction was driven by contractile fiber elements using the Hill material model. The passive portion of the uterus and pelvic floor muscles were modeled with Neo Hookean and Mooney\u2013Rivlin materials, respectively. The bony pelvis was modeled as a rigid body. The fetus was divided into three components: the head, neck, and body. Three uterine active contraction cycles were modeled. The model system was validated based on multiple outputs from the model, including the stress distribution within the uterus, the maximum Von Mises and principal stress on the pelvic floor muscles, the duration of the second stage of the labor, and the movement of the fetus. The developed model system can be applied to investigate the effects of pathomechanics related to labor, such as pelvic floor disorders and brachial plexus injury.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4064594","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T10:48:35Z","timestamp":1706784515000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1115\/crossmarkpolicy-asme","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Simulation of the Childbirth Process in <scp>ls-dyna<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1115","volume":"146","author":[{"given":"Ru","family":"Tao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University , East Lansing, MI 48824"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michele J","family":"Grimm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University , East Lansing, MI 48824 ; , East Lansing, MI 48824 ; , Albany, NY 12222"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University , East Lansing, MI 48824 ; , East Lansing, MI 48824 ; , Albany, NY 12222"},{"name":"College of Nanotechnology, Science, and Engineering, University at Albany , East Lansing, MI 48824 ; , East Lansing, MI 48824 ; , Albany, NY 12222"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"33","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"2024042314531775200_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1819","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-020-02718-3","article-title":"Forces Involved With Labor and Delivery\u2014A Biomechanical Perspective","volume":"49","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. 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