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Because its limited self-repair capacity renders it susceptible to osteoarthritis (OA), approaches to reinforce or rebuild degenerative cartilage are of significant interest. While exogenous collagen crosslinking (CXL) treatments improve cartilage's mechanical properties and increase its resistance to enzymatic degradation, their effects on cartilage lubrication remain less clear. Here, we examined how the collagen crosslinking agents genipin (GP) and glutaraldehyde (GTA) impact cartilage lubrication using the convergent stationary contact area (cSCA) configuration. Unlike classical configurations, the cSCA sustains biofidelic kinetic friction coefficients (\u03bck) via superposition of interstitial and hydrodynamic pressurization (i.e., tribological rehydration). As expected, glutaraldehyde- and genipin-mediated CXL increased cartilage's tensile and compressive moduli. Although net tribological rehydration was retained after CXL, GP or GTA treatment drastically elevated \u03bck. Both healthy and \u201cOA-like\u201d cartilage (generated via enzymatic digestion) sustained remarkably low \u03bck in saline- (\u22640.02) and synovial fluid-lubricated contacts (\u22640.006). After CXL, \u03bck increased up to 30-fold, reaching values associated with marked chondrocyte death in vitro. These results demonstrate that mechanical properties (i.e., stiffness) are necessary, but not sufficient, metrics of cartilage function. Furthermore, the marked impairment in lubrication suggests that CXL-mediated stiffening is ill-suited to cartilage preservation or joint resurfacing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4064663","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,7]],"date-time":"2024-02-07T06:48:55Z","timestamp":1707288535000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1115\/crossmarkpolicy-asme","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Exogenous Collagen Crosslinking is Highly Detrimental to Articular Cartilage Lubrication"],"prefix":"10.1115","volume":"146","author":[{"given":"Meghan E.","family":"Kupratis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware , Newark, DE 19713"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01sbq1a82","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Delaware"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uriel","family":"Gonzalez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware , Newark, DE 19713"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01sbq1a82","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Delaware"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atia","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware , Newark, DE 19713"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01sbq1a82","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Delaware"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David L.","family":"Burris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware , Newark, DE 19716"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elise A.","family":"Corbin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware , Newark, DE 19713 ; , Newark, DE 19716"},{"name":"Materials Science & Engineering, University of Delaware , Newark, DE 19713 ; , Newark, DE 19716"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01sbq1a82","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Delaware"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6573-6551","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher","family":"Price","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware , Newark, DE 19713 ; , Newark, DE 19716"},{"name":"Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware , Newark, DE 19713 ; , Newark, DE 19716"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"33","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10182","key":"2024031916030751800_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1745","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30417-9","article-title":"Osteoarthritis","volume":"393","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"10264","key":"2024031916030751800_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1711","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32230-3","article-title":"Osteoarthritis in 2020 and Beyond: A Lancet Commission","volume":"396","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"35","key":"2024031916030751800_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9332","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1703856114","article-title":"Knee Osteoarthritis Has Doubled in Prevalence Since the Mid-20th Century","volume":"114","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc. 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