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The aim of the present study was to investigate how axial plane FO and FT relate to NZ range and stiffness in the human lumbar spine and porcine cervical spine. Seven human lumbar functional spine units (FSUs) and 94 porcine cervical FSUs were examined. FO and FT were measured, and in vitro mechanical testing was used to determine anterior-posterior (AP) and flexion\u2013extension (FE) NZ range and stiffness. FO and FT were found to have no significant relationship with AP and FE NZ range. Increases in FT were associated with greater FE and AP NZ stiffness in human FSUs, with no FT-NZ stiffness relationship observed in porcine specimens. A significant relationship (p &amp;lt; 0.001) between FO and FE NZ stiffness was observed for both porcine and human FSUs, with a more sagittal orientation of the facet joints being associated with decreased FE NZ stiffness. Given the link between NZ stiffness and pathological states of the lumbar spine, further research is warranted to determine the practical significance of the observed facet joint anatomical characteristic-NZ property relationship.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4065406","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,26]],"date-time":"2024-04-26T10:14:46Z","timestamp":1714126486000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1115\/crossmarkpolicy-asme","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exploring the Influence of Facet Orientation and Tropism on Neutral Zone Properties"],"prefix":"10.1115","volume":"146","author":[{"given":"Rory M.","family":"Trevorrow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Kinesiology, The University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03rmrcq20","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of British Columbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jackie D.","family":"Zehr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo , 200 University Avenue West , Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeff M.","family":"Barrett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Kinesiology, The University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jack P.","family":"Callaghan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo , 200 University Avenue West , Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kayla M.","family":"Fewster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Kinesiology, The University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"33","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"2024060706085970600_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1097\/00002517-199212000-00002","article-title":"The Stabilizing System of the Spine. 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