{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T12:57:22Z","timestamp":1753880242068,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"ASME International","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,11]],"date-time":"2024-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728604800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.asme.org\/publications-submissions\/publishing-information\/legal-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["asmedigitalcollection.asme.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Alzheimer's disease is a progressive degenerative condition that has various levels of effect on one's memory. It is thought to be caused by a buildup of protein in small fluid-filled spaces in the brain called perivascular spaces (PVS). The PVS often takes on the form of an annular region around arteries and is used as a protein-clearing system for the brain. To analyze the modes of mass transfer in the PVS, a digitized scan of a mouse brain PVS segment was meshed and used for computational fluid dynamics (CFD) studies. Tandem analyses were then carried out and compared between the mouse PVS section and a cylinder with commensurate dimensionless parameters and hydraulic resistance. The geometry pair was used to first validate the CFD model and then assess mass transfer in various advection states: no-flow, constant flow, sinusoidal flow, sinusoidal flow with zero net solvent flux, and an anatomically correct asymmetrical periodic flow. Two mass transfer situations were considered, one being a protein build-up and the other being a protein blend-down using a multitude of metrics. Bulk arterial solute transport was found to be advection-controlled. The consideration of temporal evolution and trajectories of contiguous protein bolus volumes revealed that flow pulsation was beneficial at bolus break-up and that additional local wall curvature-based geometry irregularities also were. Using certain measures, local solute peak concentration blend-down appeared to be diffusion-dominated even for high Peclet numbers; however, bolus size evolution analyses showed definite advection support.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4065556","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,20]],"date-time":"2024-05-20T09:17:16Z","timestamp":1716196636000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1115\/crossmarkpolicy-asme","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["How Irregular Geometry and Flow Waveform Affect Pulsating Arterial Mass Transfer"],"prefix":"10.1115","volume":"146","author":[{"given":"Wayne","family":"Strasser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Liberty University , Lynchburg, VA 24550"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"33","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"2024101115542456800_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/0017-9310(77)90160-0","article-title":"Diffusion in Laminar Pipe Flow","volume":"20","year":"1977","journal-title":"Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer"},{"issue":"13","key":"2024101115542456800_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2735","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2005.02.007","article-title":"Taylor Diffusion in Time-Dependent Flow","volume":"48","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer"},{"issue":"11","key":"2024101115542456800_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111003","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4063000","article-title":"Simulating Subject-Specific Aortic Hemodynamic Effects of Valvular Lesions in Rheumatic Heart Disease","volume":"145","year":"2023","journal-title":"ASME J. Biomech. Eng."},{"issue":"4","key":"2024101115542456800_bib4","first-page":"040802","article-title":"Review of the Development of Hemodynamic Modeling Techniques to Capture Flow Behavior in Arteries Affected by Aneurysm, Atherosclerosis, and Stenting","volume":"144","year":"2021","journal-title":"ASME J. Biomech. Eng."},{"issue":"2","key":"2024101115542456800_bib5","first-page":"021006","article-title":"Impact of Neurapheresis System on Intrathecal Cerebrospinal Fluid Dynamics: A Computational Fluid Dynamics Study","volume":"142","year":"2019","journal-title":"ASME J. Biomech. Eng."},{"issue":"8","key":"2024101115542456800_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"080802","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4062737","article-title":"Measurement and Modeling of Transport Across the Blood\u2013Brain Barrier","volume":"145","year":"2023","journal-title":"ASME J. Biomech. Eng."},{"key":"2024101115542456800_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-818144-7.00015-3","volume-title":"Multiscale Biomechanical Modeling of the Brain","year":"2022"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024101115542456800_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38635","DOI":"10.1038\/srep38635","article-title":"Glymphatic Solute Transport Does Not Require Bulk Flow","volume":"6","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"2024101115542456800_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/s12987-018-0105-6","article-title":"Pulsatile Flow Drivers in Brain Parenchyma and Perivascular Spaces: A Resistance Network Model Study","volume":"15","year":"2018","journal-title":"Fluids Barriers CNS"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024101115542456800_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/s12987-019-0132-y","article-title":"Dispersion in Porous Media in Oscillatory Flow Between Flat Plates: Applications to Intrathecal, Periarterial and Paraarterial Solute Transport in the Central Nervous System","volume":"16","year":"2019","journal-title":"Fluids Barriers CNS"},{"issue":"12","key":"2024101115542456800_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0244442","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0244442","article-title":"The Mechanisms Behind Perivascular Fluid Flow","volume":"15","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plos One"},{"issue":"9","key":"2024101115542456800_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104987","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104987","article-title":"The Glymphatic System: Current Understanding and Modeling","volume":"25","year":"2022","journal-title":"iScience"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024101115542456800_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-fluid-120720-011638","article-title":"Cerebrospinal Fluid Flow","volume":"55","year":"2023","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech."},{"issue":"1","key":"2024101115542456800_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-36643-5","article-title":"Sleep Cycle-Dependent Vascular Dynamics in Male Mice and the Predicted Effects on Perivascular Cerebrospinal Fluid Flow and Solute Transport","volume":"14","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"1","key":"2024101115542456800_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4595","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-83951-1","article-title":"Dispersion as a Waste-Clearance Mechanism in Flow Through Penetrating Perivascular Spaces in the Brain","volume":"11","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"2024101115542456800_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16085","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-95306-x","article-title":"Brain Solute Transport is More Rapid in Periarterial Than Perivenous Spaces","volume":"11","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"2024101115542456800_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/s12987-022-00326-y","article-title":"Arterial Vasodilation Drives Convective Fluid Flow in the Brain: A Poroelastic Model","volume":"19","year":"2022","journal-title":"Fluids Barriers CNS"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024101115542456800_bib18","first-page":"041001","article-title":"Effect of Viscoelasticity on Arterial-Like Pulsatile Flow Dynamics and Energy","volume":"142","year":"2019","journal-title":"ASME J. Biomech. Eng."},{"issue":"1","key":"2024101115542456800_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1783","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-19961-3","article-title":"Critical Aggregation Concentration for the Formation of Early Amyloid-\u0392 (1\u201342) Oligomers","volume":"8","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"14","key":"2024101115542456800_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2217744120","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2217744120","article-title":"Artificial Intelligence Velocimetry Reveals In Vivo Flow Rates, Pressure Gradients, and Shear Stresses in Murine Perivascular Flows","volume":"120","year":"2023","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"issue":"12","key":"2024101115542456800_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121203","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4063061","article-title":"Validation of a Human Upper Airway Computational Fluid Dynamics Model for Turbulent Mixing","volume":"145","year":"2023","journal-title":"ASME J. Fluids Eng."},{"issue":"8","key":"2024101115542456800_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"081303","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4053786","article-title":"The Nature of \u201cSearching\u201d Vortices in Fluidic Logic Driven by a Switching Jet","volume":"144","year":"2022","journal-title":"ASME J. Fluids Eng."},{"volume-title":"It's About Time: Jet Interactions in an Asymmetrical Plenum","year":"2023","key":"2024101115542456800_bib23"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024101115542456800_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1186\/s12987-023-00454-z","article-title":"Sizes and Shapes of Perivascular Spaces Surrounding Murine Pial Arteries","volume":"20","year":"2023","journal-title":"Fluids and Barriers CNS"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024101115542456800_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1115\/1.2436577","article-title":"CFD Investigation of Gear Pump Mixing Using Deforming\/Agglomerating Mesh","volume":"129","year":"2007","journal-title":"ASME J. Fluids Eng."},{"issue":"8","key":"2024101115542456800_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"085010","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6420\/aac9b3","article-title":"A Hierarchical Bayesian Perspective on Majorization-Minimization for Non-Convex Sparse Regression: Application to M\/EEG Source Imaging","volume":"34","year":"2018","journal-title":"Inverse Probl."},{"key":"2024101115542456800_bib27"},{"key":"2024101115542456800_bib28"},{"issue":"8","key":"2024101115542456800_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1016\/S1350-4533(00)00074-6","article-title":"A Quantitative Index for the Measurement of the Tortuosity of Blood Vessels","volume":"22","year":"2000","journal-title":"Med. Eng. Phys."},{"issue":"1","key":"2024101115542456800_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-04796-w","article-title":"Accuracy of Vascular Tortuosity Measures Using Computational Modelling","volume":"12","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"2024101115542456800_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s12987-023-00505-5","article-title":"Hydraulic Resistance of Three-Dimensional Pial Perivascular Spaces in the Brain","volume":"21","year":"2024","journal-title":"Fluids Barriers CNS"},{"key":"2024101115542456800_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124591","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2023.124591","article-title":"Thermo-Hydraulic Performance Evaluation of a NACA 63-015 Heat Exchanger With Shark Denticles as Surface Textures","volume":"216","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024101115542456800_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470942390.mo100159","article-title":"Heart Rate and Electrocardiography Monitoring in Mice","volume":"1","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. Protoc. Mouse Biol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2024101115542456800_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaav5447","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aav5447","article-title":"Increased Glymphatic Influx is Correlated With High EEG Delta Power and Low Heart Rate in Mice Under Anesthesia","volume":"5","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."}],"container-title":["Journal of Biomechanical Engineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/asmedigitalcollection.asme.org\/biomechanical\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1115\/1.4065556\/7387265\/bio_146_12_121011.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/asmedigitalcollection.asme.org\/biomechanical\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1115\/1.4065556\/7387265\/bio_146_12_121011.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,11]],"date-time":"2024-10-11T15:54:41Z","timestamp":1728662081000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/asmedigitalcollection.asme.org\/biomechanical\/article\/146\/12\/121011\/1200428\/How-Irregular-Geometry-and-Flow-Waveform-Affect"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,11]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1115\/1.4065556","relation":{},"ISSN":["0148-0731","1528-8951"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0148-0731"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1528-8951"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,11]]},"article-number":"121011"}}