{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T06:16:25Z","timestamp":1783750585468,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"ASME International","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]],"date-time":"2024-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733961600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.asme.org\/publications-submissions\/publishing-information\/legal-policies"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002338","name":"Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2232023E-06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2232023E-06"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002338","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["asmedigitalcollection.asme.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The rise of generative artificial intelligence (GAI) applications, epitomized by ChatGPT, has reshaped design processes by enhancing idea generation and conceptual depth for designers. However, the facilitating effects on novice designers' thinking remain uncertain, particularly in the context of sustainable service concept generation. This study examines these impacts of ChatGPT on design thinking process and outcomes through controlled experiments with 36 novice designers with ChatGPT, Tiangong AI, and no tools under a sustainable service design task. Through the protocol analysis, this study visualizes the design thinking by network-based cognitive maps, then evaluates design outcomes and systematically analyzes characteristics of design thinking development under different tool interventions. Findings indicate that ChatGPT enhances design concept novelty and systematicity but has limited impact on originality and sustainability. Furthermore, ChatGPT plays an active role in fostering thinking divergence and fluency, especially in providing relevant guides for developed ideas and accelerating the evaluation and creation process. The network-based cognitive maps reveal distinct shifts and styles influenced by ChatGPT, providing references for novice designers using such tools to enhance inspiration and design fluency, and also effectively employ diverse tools during specific concept generation stage. The study also provides insights for enhancing the relevance of educational curricula and enabling bottom-up sustainable service innovations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4067211","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]],"date-time":"2024-11-21T15:22:08Z","timestamp":1732202528000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1115\/crossmarkpolicy-asme","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Generative AI-Enabled Conceptualization: Charting ChatGPT\u2019s Impacts on Sustainable Service Design Thinking With Network-Based Cognitive Maps"],"prefix":"10.1115","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Chenhan","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Donghua University College of Fashion and Design, , ,","place":["Shanghai, China, 200051"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Donghua University College of Fashion and Design, , ,","place":["Shanghai, China, 200051"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tongji University College of Design and Innovation, , ,","place":["Shanghai, China, 200092"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"33","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025010915492519400_CIT0001","first-page":"1","article-title":"GenAICHI: Generative AI and HCI","author":"Muller"},{"key":"2025010915492519400_CIT0002","first-page":"470","article-title":"Design Implications of Generative AI Systems for Visual Storytelling for Young Learners","author":"Han"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025010915492519400_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1145\/3637436","article-title":"Simulating the Human in HCD With ChatGPT: Redesigning Interaction Design With AI","volume":"31","author":"Schmidt","year":"2024","journal-title":"Interactions"},{"key":"2025010915492519400_CIT0004","first-page":"1","article-title":"DesignAID: Using Generative AI and Semantic Diversity for Design Inspiration","author":"Cai"},{"issue":"12","key":"2025010915492519400_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/09544828.2023.2290915","article-title":"How Does AI Promote Design Iteration? 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