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Using monitoring tire health as an application, we show how the DT framework can be used to enhance automotive safety and efficiency, and how the technical challenges can be overcome using a three-step approach. First, to manage the data complexity over a long operation span, we employ data reduction techniques to concisely represent physical tires using historical performance and usage data. Relying on these data, for fast real-time prediction, we train a transformer-based model offline on our concise dataset to predict future tire health over time, represented as remaining casing potential (RCP). Based on our architecture, our model quantifies both epistemic and aleatoric uncertainties, providing reliable confidence intervals around predicted RCP. Second, to incorporate real-time data, we update the predictive model in the DT framework, ensuring its accuracy throughout its lifespan with the aid of hybrid modeling and the use of the discrepancy function. Third, to assist decision-making in predictive maintenance, we implement a tire state decision algorithm, which strategically determines the optimal timing for tire replacement based on RCP forecasted by our transformer model. This approach ensures that our DT accurately predicts system health, continually refines its digital representation, and supports predictive maintenance decisions. Our framework effectively embodies a physical system, leveraging big data and machine learning (ML) for predictive maintenance, model updates, and decision-making.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4067270","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]],"date-time":"2024-11-26T14:16:12Z","timestamp":1732630572000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1115\/crossmarkpolicy-asme","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["A Digital Twin Framework Utilizing Machine Learning for Robust Predictive Maintenance: Enhancing Tire Health Monitoring"],"prefix":"10.1115","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Vispi","family":"Karkaria","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/000e0be47","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Northwestern University Department of Mechanical Engineering, , 2145 Sheridan Road, , \u00a0","place":["Evanston, IL, 60208"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwestern University Department of Mechanical Engineering, , 2145 Sheridan Road, , \u00a0","place":["Evanston, IL, 60208"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Luey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00m6w7z96","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Northwestern University Department of Mechanical Engineering, , 2145 Sheridan Road, , \u00a0","place":["Evanston, IL, 60208"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chase","family":"Siuta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03517qf88","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Michelin North America , , \u00a0","place":["Greenville, SC, 29615"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Damien","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Michelin North America , , \u00a0","place":["Greenville, SC, 29615"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Radulescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03517qf88","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Michelin North America , , \u00a0","place":["Greenville, SC, 29615"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwestern University Department of Mechanical Engineering, , 2145 Sheridan Road, , \u00a0","place":["Evanston, IL, 60208"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"33","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025040313543408200_CIT0001","author":"Weissman"},{"key":"2025040313543408200_CIT0002","article-title":"The Role of Data Fusion in Predictive Maintenance Using Digital Twin","author":"Zheng","year":"2018"},{"key":"2025040313543408200_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108952","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2998358","article-title":"Digital Twin: Enabling Technologies, Challenges and Open Research","volume":"8","author":"Fuller","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"18","key":"2025040313543408200_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6711","DOI":"10.3390\/en16186711","article-title":"Optimizing Lifespan of Circular Products: A Generic Dynamic Programming Approach for Energy-Using Products","volume":"16","author":"Hummen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Energies"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025040313543408200_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.22059\/ijmge.2016.59875","article-title":"Tire Demand Planning Based on Reliability and Operating Environment","volume":"50","author":"Nouri Qarahasanlou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. 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