{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T16:39:54Z","timestamp":1790095194860,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"ASME International","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759104000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.asme.org\/publications-submissions\/publishing-information\/legal-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["asmedigitalcollection.asme.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This review article surveys all computational and experimental investigations that varied plate and\/or screw variables to evaluate the mechanical effect on calcaneus (i.e., heel bone) fracture plates (CFPs). PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science archives were examined for studies published on any date and in any language that (i) mechanically characterized the effect of changing plate and\/or screw variables on CFP performance, rather than just comparing or augmenting CFPs with other types of implants and (ii) only analyzed calcaneus fractures, rather than other co-injuries of the ankle or foot. The 36 eligible studies evaluated various plate variables (i.e., geometry, hole type, number) and screw variables (i.e., geometry, number, distribution, angle), but not plate position or material. The studies reported engineering outcome metrics like (i) interfragmentary motion (0\u201311.24\u2009mm; 0\u20131.20\u2009deg), (ii) bone (2.6\u2013502.6\u2009MPa), plate (11.4\u20131084.0\u2009MPa), or screw (19.7\u2013524.5\u2009MPa) stress, (iii) bone stress under the plate to evaluate \u201cstress shielding\u201d (0\u201350.0\u2009MPa), (iv) the number of loading cycles to failure (1000\u201389,250 cycles), (v) overall stiffness (22\u20135108\u2009N\/mm), or (vi) failure strength (100\u20137867\u2009N). This review also discusses future work for implant variables, bone variables, study methodologies, and clinical items, as well as recommending a particular CFP configuration for maximal mechanical stability. This review will help biomedical engineers and orthopedic surgeons to effectively design, analyze, or use CFPs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4069593","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T14:48:37Z","timestamp":1756738117000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1115\/crossmarkpolicy-asme","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Computational Modeling and Mechanical Testing of Calcaneus Fracture Plates: A Review"],"prefix":"10.1115","volume":"147","author":[{"given":"Radovan","family":"Zdero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"London Health Sciences Centre Research Institute , 800 Commissioners Road East, London, ON N6A-5W9, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Del Balso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Western University , London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/014tg6596","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Victoria Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdel-Rahman","family":"Lawendy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Western University , London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada ; , London, ON N6A-5W9, Canada"},{"name":"Centre for Critical Illness Research, Victoria Hospital , London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada ; , London, ON N6A-5W9, Canada"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/014tg6596","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Victoria Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emil H.","family":"Schemitsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"London Health Sciences Centre Research Institute , 800 Commissioners Road East, London, ON N6A-5W9, Canada ; , London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada"},{"name":"Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Western University , 800 Commissioners Road East, London, ON N6A-5W9, Canada ; , London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6557-7159","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pawel","family":"Brzozowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"London Health Sciences Centre Research Institute , 800 Commissioners Road East, London, ON N6A-5W9, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"33","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025092908350819700_bib1","first-page":"123","article-title":"The Epidemiology of Musculoskeletal Injury","volume-title":"Rockwood and Green's Fractures in Adults","author":"Tornetta","year":"2020","edition":"9th ed."},{"key":"2025092908350819700_bib2","first-page":"386","article-title":"Fractures of the Calcaneus","volume-title":"Trauma: Core Knowledge in Orthopaedics","author":"Sanders","year":"2008"},{"key":"2025092908350819700_bib3","first-page":"386","article-title":"Fractures and Injuries of the Foot","volume-title":"Handbook of Fractures","author":"Elstrom","year":"2006","edition":"3rd ed."},{"key":"2025092908350819700_bib4","first-page":"2931","article-title":"Calcaneus Fractures","volume-title":"Rockwood and Green's Fractures in Adults","author":"Tornetta","year":"2020","edition":"9th ed."},{"key":"2025092908350819700_bib5","volume-title":"Orthopaedic Biomechanics Made Easy","year":"2015"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025092908350819700_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2007.02.005","article-title":"Effect of Mechanical Stability on Fracture Healing\u2014An Update","volume":"38","year":"2007","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025092908350819700_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.58B1.1270486","article-title":"Protection From Stress in Bone and Its Effects: Experiments With Stainless Steel and Plastic Plates in Dogs","volume":"58-B","year":"1976","journal-title":"J. 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