{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T09:02:27Z","timestamp":1785402147327,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"ASME International","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767916800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000070","name":"National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01EB024573"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01EB024573"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000070","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01GM104139"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01GM104139"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["asmedigitalcollection.asme.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Given the strong ties to data sharing and the responsible use of resources, reproducibility of modeling and simulation practice is of paramount importance in science. Computational models in orthopedics provide insight into healthy and injured joint mechanics and can inform clinical decision-making. The KneeHub project investigated the influence of modelers' decisions and thus their \u201cart\u201d in simulation and modeling; five teams developed and calibrated knee models using the same experimental data. Model benchmarking evaluated the predictive ability of the models under loading scenarios that were not considered in the development and calibration process. The objective of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of predictions of knee-specific joint biomechanics for benchmark scenarios of simulating a resected anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) using models of one knee and a combined pivot shift loading using models of another knee. The models predicted the major trends in kinematics and kinetics; however, differences were observed in comparison to experimental data and between teams. Model-to-experiment root-mean-square (RMS) errors were up to 6.6\u00b12.4\u2009mm in anterior\u2013posterior (AP) translation, 13.5\u00b112.9\u2009deg in internal\u2013external (IE) rotation, and 5.3\u00b13.4\u2009deg in varus\u2013valgus (VV) rotation; errors were largest in internal\u2013external rotation, and standard deviations reflected differences between teams. While calibrated models were tuned to a similar set of conditions (albeit with different decisions), the optimized stiffness and reference length\/strain of ligament structures may not fully reproduce the contributions of these structures to joint kinematics that were measured experimentally in the benchmark scenarios. As researchers often extend models beyond the conditions used to calibrate them, quantifying model accuracy and limitations with benchmarking represents a crucial step toward reproducibility and can help establish best practices for credible modeling in our community.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4070823","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T12:29:38Z","timestamp":1767961778000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1115\/crossmarkpolicy-asme","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Deciphering the \u201cArt\u201d in Modeling and Simulation of the Knee Joint: Model Benchmarking"],"prefix":"10.1115","volume":"148","author":[{"given":"Maryam","family":"Nazem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Denver , Denver, CO 80210"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04w7skc03","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Denver"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thor E.","family":"Andreassen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Denver , Denver, CO 80210"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04w7skc03","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Denver"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland , Auckland 1010, New Zealand; , Auckland 1010, New Zealand"},{"name":"Department of Engineering Science, University of Auckland , Auckland 1010, New Zealand; , Auckland 1010, New Zealand"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03b94tp07","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Auckland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kate","family":"Moyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland , Auckland 1010, New Zealand; , Auckland 1010, New Zealand"},{"name":"Department of Engineering Science, University of Auckland , Auckland 1010, New Zealand; , Auckland 1010, New Zealand"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03b94tp07","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Auckland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0818-7554","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thor F.","family":"Besier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland , Auckland 1010, New Zealand; , Auckland 1010, New Zealand"},{"name":"Department of Engineering Science, University of Auckland , Auckland 1010, New Zealand; , Auckland 1010, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason P.","family":"Halloran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Sciences Laboratory, Institute for Shock Physics , , Spokane, WA 99202"},{"name":"Washington State University , , Spokane, WA 99202"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carl W.","family":"Imhauser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomechanics, Hospital for Special Surgery , New York, NY 10021"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03zjqec80","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Hospital for Special Surgery"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Snehal","family":"Chokhandre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH 44195"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco T. Y.","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland , Auckland 1010, New Zealand; , Auckland 1010, New Zealand"},{"name":"Department of Engineering Science, University of Auckland , Auckland 1010, New Zealand; , Auckland 1010, New Zealand"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03b94tp07","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Auckland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shady","family":"Elmasry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomechanics, Hospital for Special Surgery , New York, NY 10021"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03zjqec80","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Hospital for Special Surgery"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Zaylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH 44195"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin B.","family":"Shelburne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Denver , Denver, CO 80210"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmet","family":"Erdemir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH 44195; , Cleveland, OH 44195"},{"name":"Computational Biomodeling (CoBi) Core, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH 44195; , Cleveland, OH 44195"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1013-2077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter J.","family":"Laz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Denver , 2155 East Wesley Avenue , Denver, CO 80210"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04w7skc03","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Denver"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"33","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"341","key":"2026020509595864700_bib1","article-title":"What Does Research Reproducibility Mean?","volume":"8","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. 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