{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T16:15:24Z","timestamp":1785428124683,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"ASME International","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774310400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.asme.org\/publications-submissions\/publishing-information\/legal-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["asmedigitalcollection.asme.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Post-traumatic joint contracture (PTJC) frequently occurs in the elbow after injury, decreasing range of motion (ROM) and causing dysfunction. Physical therapy improves ROM but does not address underlying inflammation and fibrosis. Combining physical exercise with biological treatment has shown positive results in other physiological systems. Objective: evaluate whether active physical therapy and anti-inflammatory drug treatment, alone or in combination, could preserve mechanics and function in a rat model of PTJC. Elbow PTJC was surgically induced in rats followed by joint immobilization (IM). Animals received either anti-inflammatory drug (celecoxib or CEL) treatment, active physical therapy (wheel activity or WA), or both (CELWA). An untreated cage activity (CA) group served as control. Functional evaluation, joint mechanical testing, and histological analysis were used to compare groups. All treatments improved gait parameters compared to CA, with WA showing the most improvements. WA also showed improved forelimb strength ratio compared to CA, but this difference was not significant. Postmortem joint mechanics were slightly improved in WA and CEL and most improved in CELWA compared to CA. Histological analysis showed that all treatments improved fibrosis, adhesions, vascularity, and thickness of capsule tissue to varying degrees. Cartilage surfaces showed improved structure and cellularity for all treatments. PTJC involves multiple tissues and cell types, and thus a multitreatment approach will likely be needed to address all underlying causes: biological modulation of the inflammatory response combined with physical disruption of fibrotic tissue may show more efficacy than either treatment alone.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4071004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T10:04:32Z","timestamp":1770113072000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1115\/crossmarkpolicy-asme","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Anti-Inflammatory Treatment and Active Physical Therapy Have Differing Effects on Functional, Mechanical, and Histological Properties in a Rat Model of Post-Traumatic Elbow Contracture"],"prefix":"10.1115","volume":"148","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5233-9888","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca F.","family":"Reals","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, MO 63130"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01yc7t268","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Washington University in St. Louis"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1974-2106","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryan M.","family":"Castile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, MO 63130"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evan M.","family":"Bradley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, MO 63130"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01yc7t268","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Washington University in St. Louis"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arun K.","family":"Movva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, MO 63130"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01yc7t268","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Washington University in St. Louis"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, MO 63130"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01yc7t268","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Washington University in St. Louis"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carson L.","family":"Hoopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University , Provo, UT 84602"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/047rhhm47","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Brigham Young University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander J.","family":"Gadin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, MO 63130"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01yc7t268","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Washington University in St. Louis"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Necat","family":"Havlioglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, John Cochran VA Medical Center , St. Louis, MO 63106"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03jt5gp45","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"John Cochran VA Medical Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aaron M.","family":"Chamberlain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intermountain Health , Salt Lake City, UT 84102"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin M.","family":"Zmistowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, MO 63130"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01yc7t268","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Washington University in St. Louis"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Spencer P.","family":"Lake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McKelvey School of Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, MSC: 1100-122-303, 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130-4899 ; St. Louis, MO 63130 ; St. Louis, MO 63130 ; , St. Louis, MO 63130"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, MSC: 1100-122-303, 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130-4899 ; St. Louis, MO 63130 ; St. Louis, MO 63130 ; , St. Louis, MO 63130"},{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, MSC: 1100-122-303, 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130-4899 ; St. Louis, MO 63130 ; St. Louis, MO 63130 ; , St. Louis, MO 63130"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis MSC: 1100-122-303, 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130-4899 ; St. Louis, MO 63130 ; St. Louis, MO 63130 ; , St. Louis, MO 63130"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01yc7t268","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Washington University in St. Louis"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"33","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"13","key":"2026032411593130700_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.J.00860","article-title":"Patient-Reported Outcomes After Simple Dislocation of the Elbow","volume":"93","year":"2011","journal-title":"JBJS"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026032411593130700_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2005.02.006","article-title":"Requirements for Upper Extremity Motions During Activities of Daily Living","volume":"20","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin. Biomech."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026032411593130700_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1177\/1758573218793903","article-title":"Post-Traumatic Elbow Stiffness: Pathogenesis and Current Treatments","volume":"12","year":"2020","journal-title":"Shoulder Elbow"},{"issue":"S1","key":"2026032411593130700_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1007\/s12306-014-0328-x","article-title":"Elbow Rehabilitation in Traumatic Pathology","volume":"98","year":"2014","journal-title":"Musculoskeletal Surg."},{"key":"2026032411593130700_bib5","unstructured":"Reiter, A., 2021, \u201cPost-Traumatic Elbow Contracture Characterization and Physical Therapy-Based Treatment Strategies in a Preclinical Model,\u201d Ph.D. dissertation, McKelvey School of Engineering, St. Louis, MO.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7936\/amn9-vj29"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026032411593130700_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2007.11.005","article-title":"Optimizing Elbow Rehabilitation After Instability","volume":"24","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hand Clin."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026032411593130700_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.22981","article-title":"Development and Use of an Animal Model to Study Post-Traumatic Stiffness and Contracture of the Elbow","volume":"34","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Res.: Off. Publ. Orthop. Res. Soc."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026032411593130700_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.32098\/mltj.03.2021.20","article-title":"Investigating the Effects of Physical Therapy Timing, Intensity and Duration on Post-Traumatic Joint Contracture in a Rat Elbow Model","volume":"11","year":"2021","journal-title":"Muscles Ligaments Tendons J."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026032411593130700_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.20257","article-title":"Physical Activity Modulates Nerve Plasticity and Stimulates Repair After Achilles Tendon Rupture","volume":"25","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026032411593130700_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1720","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00301.2006","article-title":"Early Voluntary Exercise Does Not Promote Healing in a Rat Model of Achilles Tendon Injury","volume":"101","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol. (Bethesda, Md.: 1985)"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026032411593130700_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1186\/s13395-016-0117-3","article-title":"Voluntary Resistance Wheel Exercise From Mid-Life Prevents Sarcopenia and Increases Markers of Mitochondrial Function and Autophagy in Muscles of Old Male and Female C57BL\/6J Mice","volume":"6","year":"2016","journal-title":"Skeletal Muscle"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026032411593130700_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-38-18","article-title":"Prolonged Rest, Long-Term Dynamic Balance, and Gait in a Mouse Ankle-Sprain Model","volume":"54","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Athletic Train."},{"key":"2026032411593130700_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3898710","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/3898710","article-title":"Multiple Applications of Different Exercise Modalities With Rodents","volume":"2021","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longevity"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026032411593130700_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2010.07.013","article-title":"Elbow Joint Contracture After Traumatic Injury","volume":"20","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Shoulder Elbow Surg."},{"issue":"11","key":"2026032411593130700_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2007.02.040","article-title":"Simple Elbow Dislocation Among Adults: A Comparative Study of Two Different Methods of Treatment","volume":"38","year":"2007","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026032411593130700_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.2174\/1874325001711010452","article-title":"Management of Recent Elbow Dislocations: Functional Treatment Versus Immobilization; A Prospective Study About 60 Cases","volume":"11","year":"2017","journal-title":"Open Orthop. J."},{"key":"2026032411593130700_bib17","article-title":"Reprogramming Adult Tendon Healing Using Regenerative Neonatal Regulatory T Cells","volume-title":"BioRxiv","year":"2021"},{"key":"2026032411593130700_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.21037\/aoj-20-62","article-title":"Nonsurgical Treatments for Post-Traumatic Elbow Contractures: Approaches for the Prevention of Their Development and Progression","volume":"6","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. Jt."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026032411593130700_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.934876","article-title":"Inflammation and Fibrosis Induced by Joint Remobilization, and Relevance to Progression of Arthrogenic Joint Contracture: A Narrative Review","volume":"71","year":"2022","journal-title":"Physiol. Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026032411593130700_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1007\/s00776-013-0447-5","article-title":"Posttraumatic Elbow Contractures: Targeting Neuroinflammatory Fibrogenic Mechanisms","volume":"18","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Sci.: Off. J. Jpn. Orthop. Assoc."},{"key":"2026032411593130700_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803403","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2022.803403","article-title":"Pleiotropic Effects of Simvastatin and Losartan in Preclinical Models of Post-Traumatic Elbow Contracture","volume":"10","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"2026032411593130700_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.21037\/aoj.2020.02.09","article-title":"Preclinical Models of Elbow Injury and Pathology","volume":"6","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. Jt."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026032411593130700_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.20652","article-title":"Joint Capsule Mast Cells and Neuropeptides Are Increased Within Four Weeks of Injury and Remain Elevated in Chronic Stages of Posttraumatic Contractures","volume":"26","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Res.: Off. Publ. Orthop. Res. Soc."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026032411593130700_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.3109\/03008207.2013.786056","article-title":"Joint Immobilization Induced Hypoxic and Inflammatory Conditions in Rat Knee Joints","volume":"54","year":"2013","journal-title":"Connect. Tissue Res."},{"key":"2026032411593130700_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2017.01.025","article-title":"Molecular Landscape of Arthrofibrosis: Microarray and Bioinformatic Analysis of the Temporal Expression of 380 Genes During Contracture Genesis","volume":"610","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"2026032411593130700_bib26","first-page":"1","article-title":"Flow Cytometric Identification of Dynamic Immune Cell Populations in a Rat Model of Post-Traumatic Elbow Contracture","year":"2025","journal-title":"Connect. Tissue Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026032411593130700_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2013.04.006","article-title":"Th17 Cells and IL-17 A\u2014Focus on Immunopathogenesis and Immunotherapeutics","volume":"43","year":"2013","journal-title":"Semin. Arthritis Rheum."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026032411593130700_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1300274","article-title":"Synovial Fibroblasts Directly Induce Th17 Pathogenicity Via the Cyclooxygenase\/Prostaglandin E2 Pathway, Independent of IL-23","volume":"191","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Immunol. (Baltimore, Md.: 1950)"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026032411593130700_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2474","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.24647","article-title":"Reduction of Arthrofibrosis Utilizing a Collagen Membrane Drug-Eluting Scaffold With Celecoxib and Subcutaneous Injections With Ketotifen","volume":"38","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Res.: Off. Publ. Orthop. Res. Soc."},{"issue":"12","key":"2026032411593130700_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2609","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.24441","article-title":"Inhibition of COX-2 Pathway as a Potential Prophylaxis Against Arthrofibrogenesis in a Rabbit Model of Joint Contracture","volume":"37","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Res.: Off. Publ. Orthop. Res. Soc."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026032411593130700_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1507","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2013.1336","article-title":"Celecoxib Effectively Inhibits the Formation of Joint Adhesions","volume":"6","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026032411593130700_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1302\/2046-3758.111.BJR-2021-0546.R1","article-title":"Intra-Articular Celecoxib Improves Knee Extension Regardless of Surgical Release in a Rabbit Model of Arthrofibrosis","volume":"11","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bone Jt. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026032411593130700_bib33","first-page":"1","article-title":"Noninflammatory Joint Contractures Arising From Immobility: Animal Models to Future Treatments","volume":"2015","year":"2015","journal-title":"BioMed Res. Int."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026032411593130700_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1605","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2007.09.015","article-title":"The Posttraumatic Stiff Elbow: A Review of the Literature","volume":"32","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Hand Surg."},{"key":"2026032411593130700_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107018","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2022.107018","article-title":"Aerobic Exercise, Alone or Combined With an Anti-Inflammatory Drug, Reduces the Severity of Epileptic Seizures and Levels of Central Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines in an Animal Model of Epileptic Seizures","volume":"186","year":"2022","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026032411593130700_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6968","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.431155","article-title":"Sirtuin 1-Mediated Effects of Exercise and Resveratrol on Mitochondrial Biogenesis","volume":"288","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"issue":"9","key":"2026032411593130700_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1679","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.70010","article-title":"Soft Tissue Injury and Immobilization Are Both Required for Persistent Elbow Contracture in a Rat Model","volume":"43","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Res.: Off. Publ. Orthop. Res. Soc."},{"issue":"9","key":"2026032411593130700_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2062","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.24918","article-title":"Females and Males Exhibit Similar Functional, Mechanical, and Morphological Outcomes in a Rat Model of Posttraumatic Elbow Contracture","volume":"39","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Res.: Off. Publ. Orthop. Res. Soc."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026032411593130700_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.22.00064","article-title":"Early Joint Use Following Elbow Dislocation Limits Range-of-Motion Loss and Tissue Pathology in Posttraumatic Joint Contracture","volume":"105","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Bone Jt. Surg. Am."},{"key":"2026032411593130700_bib40","first-page":"1245","article-title":"Effects of Dexamethasone, Celecoxib, and Methotrexate on the Histology and Metabolism of Bone Tissue in Healthy Sprague Dawley Rats","volume":"10","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Interventions Aging"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026032411593130700_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-016-1303-5","article-title":"Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitor Celecoxib Attenuates Joint Contracture Following Immobilization in Rat Knees","volume":"17","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskeletal Disord."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026032411593130700_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"071001","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4043433","article-title":"Functional Measures of Grip Strength and Gait Remain Altered Long-Term in a Rat Model of Post-Traumatic Elbow Contracture","volume":"141","year":"2019","journal-title":"ASME J. Biomech. Eng."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026032411593130700_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9797","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-28134-1","article-title":"The Open Source GAITOR Suite for Rodent Gait Analysis","volume":"8","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026032411593130700_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C475","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00088.2004","article-title":"The COX-2 Pathway Is Essential During Early Stages of Skeletal Muscle Regeneration","volume":"287","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol.: Cell Physiol."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026032411593130700_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C1651","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00518.2005","article-title":"The COX-2 Pathway Regulates Growth of Atrophied Muscle Via Multiple Mechanisms","volume":"290","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol.: Cell Physiol."},{"key":"2026032411593130700_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-95884-8_2","article-title":"Considerations for Small Animal Physical Rehabilitation","volume-title":"Regenerative Rehabilitation: From Basic Science to the Clinic","author":"Greising","year":"2022"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026032411593130700_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198870020-00013","article-title":"Simple Dislocation of the Elbow in the Adult. Results After Closed Treatment","volume":"70","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Bone Jt. Surg. Am."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026032411593130700_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1177\/1758573217694163","article-title":"Simple Elbow Dislocation","volume":"9","year":"2017","journal-title":"Shoulder Elbow"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026032411593130700_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2015-094704","article-title":"Early Mobilisation Versus Plaster Immobilisation of Simple Elbow Dislocations: Results of the FuncSiE Multicentre Randomised Clinical Trial","volume":"51","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026032411593130700_bib50","article-title":"High Doses of Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Compromise Muscle Strength and Hypertrophic Adaptations to Resistance Training in Young Adults","volume":"222","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Physiol. (Oxford, Engl.)"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026032411593130700_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.26344","article-title":"Muscle Does Not Drive Persistent Posttraumatic Elbow Contracture in a Rat Model","volume":"58","year":"2018","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026032411593130700_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e17","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.18.00246","article-title":"The Role of Periarticular Soft Tissues in Persistent Motion Loss in a Rat Model of Posttraumatic Elbow Contracture","volume":"101","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Bone Jt. Surg. Am."},{"issue":"2&3","key":"2026032411593130700_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1097\/FBP.0000000000000584","article-title":"Antinociception Produced by Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in Female versus Male Rats","volume":"32","year":"2021","journal-title":"Behav. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026032411593130700_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8472","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-12248-8","article-title":"Behavioral and Inflammatory Sex Differences Revealed by Celecoxib Nanotherapeutic Treatment of Peripheral Neuroinflammation","volume":"12","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."}],"container-title":["Journal of Biomechanical Engineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/asmedigitalcollection.asme.org\/biomechanical\/article-pdf\/148\/7\/071004\/7589113\/bio-25-1307.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/asmedigitalcollection.asme.org\/biomechanical\/article-pdf\/148\/7\/071004\/7589113\/bio-25-1307.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T15:59:47Z","timestamp":1774367987000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/asmedigitalcollection.asme.org\/biomechanical\/article\/148\/7\/071004\/1230348\/Anti-Inflammatory-Treatment-and-Active-Physical"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1115\/1.4071004","relation":{},"ISSN":["0148-0731","1528-8951"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0148-0731","type":"print"},{"value":"1528-8951","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]]},"article-number":"071004"}}