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This study investigated the effects of passively modeled paraspinal soft tissues (i.e., paraspinal muscles and the thoracolumbar fascia (TLF)), on lumbar segmental mobility and geometric compensation, using a credible and previously validated finite element model (FEM) of the thoracolumbar spine. The model included the vertebrae, rib cage, intervertebral discs (IVDs), pelvis, ligaments, spinal and abdominal muscles, and the TLF. The model was subjected to 30\u2009deg and 60\u2009deg flexion rotation with a fixed pelvic support, and an applied follower load of 1175\u2009N, increasing by 2.4% at each segmental level. Changes in lumbar L2\u2013S1 intervertebral rotation (IVR), lumbar and thoracic range of motion (RoM), and curvature were analyzed for cases involving removal and increased stiffening of the paraspinal muscles and the TLF. Increasing TLF stiffness reduced lumbar RoM (5.1 deg) at 60\u2009deg flexion relative to the validated model, with compensatory increases of 3.6\u2009deg in thoracic RoM. Increases in lumbar lordosis (3.6 deg) were proportional to increases in thoracic kyphosis (3.3 deg). Similar effects of reduced magnitude were observed in 30\u2009deg flexion. Inverse effects were observed following TLF removal. However, no changes were observed with changes in paraspinal muscle contribution. These findings suggest that changes in TLF stiffness influence lumbar segmental mobility and drive compensatory adjustments in the spinal geometric profile.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4071533","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T15:51:06Z","timestamp":1774626666000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1115\/crossmarkpolicy-asme","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Influence of Passively Modeled Paraspinal Soft Tissues on Spinal Geometric Compensation: A Finite Element Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1115","volume":"148","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-5982-180X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adi","family":"Mithani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Musculoskeletal Biomechanics Research Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University , 845 Sherbrooke Street W , Montr\u00e9al, QC H3A 0C3, Canada ; , 1650 Cedar Avenue (LS1.409), Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada"},{"name":"Orthopaedic Research Lab, Montreal General Hospital , 845 Sherbrooke Street W , Montr\u00e9al, QC H3A 0C3, Canada ; , 1650 Cedar Avenue (LS1.409), Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01pxwe438","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"McGill University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Aoude","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopaedic Research Lab, Montreal General Hospital , 1650 Cedar Avenue (LS1.409) , Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Driscoll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Musculoskeletal Biomechanics Research Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University , 845 Sherbrooke Street W , Montr\u00e9al, QC H3A 0C3, Canada ; , 1650 Cedar Avenue (LS1.409), Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada"},{"name":"Orthopaedic Research Lab, Montreal General Hospital , 845 Sherbrooke Street W , Montr\u00e9al, QC H3A 0C3, Canada ; , 1650 Cedar Avenue (LS1.409), Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"33","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026042810541207600_bib1","first-page":"4517471","article-title":"The Effect of Muscle Direction on the Predictions of Finite Element Model of Human Lumbar Spine","volume":"2018","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed. 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