{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T01:14:31Z","timestamp":1790385271472,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"ASME International","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776297600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.asme.org\/publications-submissions\/publishing-information\/legal-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["asmedigitalcollection.asme.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study presents a patient-specific parametric model of the temporomandibular joint, designed to be semi-automated, and reproducible for multiple patients. The numerical model is used to evaluate mandibular stress distribution under different interaction and loading conditions. The main contribution is to demonstrate the feasibility of an integrated, fast, and streamlined workflow for generating accurate biomechanical models tailored to each patient. The proposed method, which relies on standard clinical images complemented by artificial intelligence-assisted segmentation of bone and muscles, enables the integration of patient-specific anatomical features and mechanical variability. A finite element model of the skull, mandible, teeth, and articular disks was constructed from calibrated computed tomography data. Material properties were automatically assigned using Hounsfield units, distinguishing between cortical bone, cancellous bone, and dental tissue. Sensitivity of key modeling parameters (mesh density, material, friction coefficients, muscle force vectors) was evaluated using abaqus\/standard. Hounsfield-units-driven material assignment provides a Young modulus distribution aligned with the literature, while maintaining patient specificity. Artificial intelligence-based muscle reconstruction reveals that stress fields stabilize with increased directional vector refinement, reinforcing biomechanical accuracy and confirming the necessity of multivector muscle loading. This patient-specific parametric model accurately reproduces the distribution of mandibular stresses and offers a promising tool for surgical planning, pathology simulation, and the evaluation of personalized treatment strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4071534","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T15:51:06Z","timestamp":1774626666000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1115\/crossmarkpolicy-asme","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Integrated Workflow Finite Element Modeling of the Temporomandibular Joint: Toward a Methodical and Reproducible Approach"],"prefix":"10.1115","volume":"148","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-0796-0658","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lilian","family":"Baugnon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, UMR 9013 LaMcube Laboratoire de M\u00e9canique, Multiphysique, Multi\u00e9chelle , F-59000 Lille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7391-2121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Romain","family":"Nicot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, UMR 9013 LaMcube Laboratoire de M\u00e9canique, Multiphysique, Multi\u00e9chelle , F-59000 Lille, France; , F-59000 Lille, France"},{"name":"Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery , F-59000 Lille, France; , F-59000 Lille, France"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02ppyfa04","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Bethune","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, UMR 9013 LaMcube Laboratoire de M\u00e9canique, Multiphysique, Multi\u00e9chelle , F-59000 Lille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pauline","family":"Lecomte-Grosbras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, UMR 9013 LaMcube Laboratoire de M\u00e9canique, Multiphysique, Multi\u00e9chelle , F-59000 Lille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Witz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, UMR 9013 LaMcube Laboratoire de M\u00e9canique, Multiphysique, Multi\u00e9chelle , F-59000 Lille, France"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01x441g73","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"\u00c9cole Centrale de Lille"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5519-2367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olivier","family":"Mayeur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, UMR 9013 LaMcube Laboratoire de M\u00e9canique, Multiphysique, Multi\u00e9chelle , F-59000 Lille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"33","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"2026041611395088100_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/S1059-941X(03)00131-1","article-title":"Management of Temporomandibular Disorders and Occlusion","volume":"12","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Prosthodontics"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026041611395088100_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-009-9659-4","article-title":"Temporomandibular Joint: Disorders, Treatments, and Biomechanics","volume":"37","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann. Biomed. Eng."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026041611395088100_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-020-01074-x","article-title":"Finite Elements Analysis of the Temporomandibular Joint Disc in Patients With Intra-Articular Disorders","volume":"20","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Oral. Health"},{"key":"2026041611395088100_bib4","article-title":"Gray's Anatomy for Students - 9780323934237","author":"Elsevier Health","year":"2024"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026041611395088100_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13051365","article-title":"A Meta-Analysis of the Global Prevalence of Temporomandibular Disorders","volume":"13","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"2026041611395088100_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2021.106299","article-title":"Biomechanical Analysis of Temporomandibular Joints During Mandibular Protrusion and Retraction Motions: A 3D Finite Element Simulation","volume":"208","year":"2021","journal-title":"Comput. Methods Prog. Biomed."},{"key":"2026041611395088100_bib7","unstructured":"Areiza, D. A., 2014, \u201cR\u00e9flexions Sur la Reconstruction Proth\u00e9tique de L'Articulation Temporo-Mandibulaire (ATM) \u00e0 Travers Une \u00c9tude Biom\u00e9canique Comparative Entre Sujets Asymptomatique Et Pathologique,\u201d These de doctorat, Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, Nancy, France, accessed Jan. 08, 2025, https:\/\/theses.fr\/2014\u2009LORR0335"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026041611395088100_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medengphy.2024.104195","article-title":"Motion Reconstruction and Finite Element Analysis of the Temporomandibular Joint During Swallowing in Healthy Adults","volume":"130","year":"2024","journal-title":"Med. Eng. Phys."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026041611395088100_bib9","article-title":"Biomechanical Behavior of Temporomandibular Joint Movements Driven by Mastication Muscles","volume":"40","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Numer. Methods Biomed. Eng."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026041611395088100_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1115\/1.2165697","article-title":"3D Finite Element Simulation of the Opening Movement of the Mandible in Healthy and Pathologic Situations","volume":"128","year":"2006","journal-title":"ASME J. Biomech. Eng."},{"key":"2026041611395088100_bib11","unstructured":"Sharma, M., and Soni, M., 2025, \u201cA Finite Element Modeling and Simulation of Human Temporomandibular Joint With and without TM Disorders: An Indian Experience,\u201d EBSCOhost, Edmonton, AB, Canada, accessed Jan. 9, https:\/\/openurl.ebsco.com\/contentitem\/doi:10.18280%2Fmmep.080303?sid=ebsco:plink:crawler&id=ebsco:doi:10.18280%2Fmmep.080303"},{"key":"2026041611395088100_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2015.06.091","article-title":"Effect of Orthotropic Material on Finite Element Modeling of Completely Dentate Mandible","volume":"84","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mater. Des."},{"key":"2026041611395088100_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2024.106371","article-title":"Three-Dimensional Theoretical Model for Effectively Describing the Effect of Craniomaxillofacial Structural Factors on Loading Situation in the Temporomandibular Joint","volume":"151","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater."},{"key":"2026041611395088100_bib14","article-title":"A Dynamic Jaw Model With a Finite-Element Temporomandibular Joint","volume":"10","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"issue":"12","key":"2026041611395088100_bib15","article-title":"An Investigation of Two Finite Element Modeling Solutions for Biomechanical Simulation Using a Case Study of a Mandibular Bone","volume":"139","year":"2017","journal-title":"ASME J. Biomech. Eng."},{"key":"2026041611395088100_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106703","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2022.106703","article-title":"Biomechanical Evaluation of the Unilateral Crossbite on the Asymmetrical Development of the Craniofacial Complex. A Mechano-Morphological Approach","volume":"217","year":"2022","journal-title":"Comput. Methods Prog. Biomed."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026041611395088100_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2204","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.34558","article-title":"Computational Characterization of the Porous-Fibrous Behavior of the Soft Tissues in the Temporomandibular Joint","volume":"108","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part B Appl. Biomater."},{"key":"2026041611395088100_bib18","article-title":"A First Poro-Mechanical Characterization of Temporomandibular Joint Disc Tissue Undergoing Spherical Compression","year":"2025","journal-title":"Multidiscip. Biomech. J."},{"issue":"sup1","key":"2026041611395088100_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S201","DOI":"10.1080\/10255842.2017.1382932","article-title":"Local Elastic Properties Characterization of the Temporo-Mandibular Joint Disc Through Macro-Indentation","volume":"20","year":"2017","journal-title":"Comput. Methods Biomech. Biomed. Eng."},{"issue":"24","key":"2026041611395088100_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e40668","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e40668","article-title":"Heterogeneous Material Models for Finite Element Analysis of the Human Mandible Bone \u2013 A Systematic Review","volume":"10","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026041611395088100_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2010.02.019","article-title":"Biomechanical Analysis Comparing Natural and Alloplastic Temporomandibular Joint Replacement Using a Finite Element Model","volume":"69","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026041611395088100_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering12050545","article-title":"Simulation of a Custom-Made Temporomandibular Joint\u2014An Academic View on an Industrial Workflow","volume":"12","year":"2025","journal-title":"Bioengineering"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026041611395088100_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajoms.2017.12.001","article-title":"A Detailed Analysis of Mandibular Fractures Epidemiology, Treatment and Outcomes: A 5-Year Retrospective Study, Gansu Province-China","volume":"30","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Oral Maxillofacial Surg., Med., Pathol."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026041611395088100_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2013.04.007","article-title":"Incidence and Patterns of Mandibular Fractures During a 5-Year Period in a London Teaching Hospital","volume":"51","year":"2013","journal-title":"British J. Oral Maxillofacial Surg."},{"issue":"9","key":"2026041611395088100_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2012.05.001","article-title":"3D Slicer as an Image Computing Platform for the Quantitative Imaging Network","volume":"30","year":"2012","journal-title":"Magn. Resonance Imag."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026041611395088100_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-020-01008-z","article-title":"nnU-Net: A Self-Configuring Method for Deep Learning-Based Biomedical Image Segmentation","volume":"18","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"2026041611395088100_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2024.105130","article-title":"DentalSegmentator: Robust Open Source Deep Learning-Based CT and CBCT Image Segmentation","volume":"147","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Dentistry"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026041611395088100_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e230024","DOI":"10.1148\/ryai.230024","article-title":"TotalSegmentator: Robust Segmentation of 104 Anatomic Structures in CT Images","volume":"5","year":"2023","journal-title":"Radiol. Artif. Intell."},{"issue":"11","key":"2026041611395088100_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1002\/nme.2579","article-title":"Gmsh: A 3-D Finite Element Mesh Generator With Built-In Pre- and Post-Processing Facilities","volume":"79","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng."},{"key":"2026041611395088100_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103087","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtcomm.2021.103087","article-title":"A Literature Review on the Linear Elastic Material Properties Assigned in Finite Element Analyses in Dental Research","volume":"30","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mater. Today Commun."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"2026041611395088100_bib31","first-page":"219","article-title":"A Quasi-Brittle Continuum Damage Finite Element Model of the Human Proximal Femur Based on Element Deletion","volume":"51","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med. Biol. Eng. Comput."},{"issue":"12","key":"2026041611395088100_bib32","first-page":"1951","article-title":"An Experimental Study on the Dynamic Traits of Dehydrated Mandibles in Relation to Yang's Modulus and Poisson's Ratio of Compact Bone","volume":"84","year":"1984","journal-title":"Shikwa Gakuho"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026041611395088100_bib33","first-page":"93","article-title":"Properties of the Elastic Modulus From Buccal Compact Bone of Human Mandible","volume":"37","year":"1996","journal-title":"Bull. Tokyo Dent. Coll."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026041611395088100_bib34","first-page":"47","article-title":"Mechanical Properties of Buccal Compact Bone of the Mandibular Ramus in Human Adults and Children: Relationship of the Elastic Modulus to the Direction of the Osteon and the Porosity Ratio","volume":"39","year":"1998","journal-title":"Bull. Tokyo Dent. Coll."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026041611395088100_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.10121","article-title":"Variations in Cortical Material Properties Throughout the Human Dentate Mandible","volume":"120","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Anthropol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026041611395088100_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(02)00921-3","article-title":"Quality Assessment of the Cortical Bone of the Human Mandible","volume":"32","year":"2003","journal-title":"Bone"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026041611395088100_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/S0109-5641(02)00026-X","article-title":"Micromechanics\/Structure Relationships in the Human Mandible","volume":"19","year":"2003","journal-title":"Dental Mater."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026041611395088100_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medengphy.2010.03.009","article-title":"Determination of Young's Modulus of Mandibular Bone Using Inverse Analysis","volume":"32","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med. Eng. Phys."},{"key":"2026041611395088100_bib39","volume-title":"Mimics Innovation Suite 17.0 Reference Guide","author":"Materialise NV","year":"2014"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026041611395088100_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medengphy.2004.03.001","article-title":"Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis of Human Temporomandibular Joint With and Without Disc Displacement During Jaw Opening","volume":"26","year":"2004","journal-title":"Med. Eng. Phys."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026041611395088100_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-010-0436-4","article-title":"Muscle and Joint Forces Under Variable Equilibrium States of the Mandible","volume":"15","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Oral. Invest."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026041611395088100_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2010.01.025","article-title":"Finite Element Analysis of the Human Mandible at 3 Different Stages of Life","volume":"110","year":"2010","journal-title":"Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. Endodontol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026041611395088100_bib43","first-page":"138","article-title":"Biomechanical Behavior of Mandibular Overdenture Retained by Two Standard Implants or 2 Mini Implants: A 3-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis","volume":"125","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Prosthetic Dentistry"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026041611395088100_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1080\/10255840500237953","article-title":"Using the Finite Element Method to Model the Biomechanics of the Asymmetric Mandible Before, During and After Skeletal Correction by Distraction Osteogenesis","volume":"8","year":"2005","journal-title":"Comput. Methods Biomech. Biomed. Eng."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026041611395088100_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1007\/s10237-019-01227-0","article-title":"Effects on Loads in Temporomandibular Joints for Patients With Mandibular Asymmetry Before and After Orthognathic Surgeries Under the Unilateral Molar Clenching","volume":"19","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomech. Model. Mechanobiol."},{"issue":"12","key":"2026041611395088100_bib46","article-title":"Experimental and Numerical Characterization of the Mechanical Masseter Muscle Response During Biting","volume":"139","year":"2017","journal-title":"ASME J. Biomech. Eng."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026041611395088100_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-2391(99)90437-8","article-title":"Mechanical Properties of Trabecular Bone in the Human Mandible: Implications for Dental Implant Treatment Planning and Surgical Placement","volume":"57","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026041611395088100_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-004-0295-6","article-title":"Bone Tissue Stiffness in the Mandibular Condyle is Dependent on the Direction and Density of the Cancellous Structure","volume":"75","year":"2004","journal-title":"Calcif. Tissue Int."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026041611395088100_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0501.2000.011005415.x","article-title":"Anisotropic Elastic Properties of Cancellous Bone From a Human Edentulous Mandible","volume":"11","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Implants Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026041611395088100_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0501.2005.01204.x","article-title":"Structural and Radiological Parameters for the Characterization of Jawbone","volume":"17","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Implants Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026041611395088100_bib51","article-title":"Prosthesis Loading After Temporomandibular Joint Replacement Surgery: A Musculoskeletal Modeling Study","volume":"137","year":"2015","journal-title":"ASME J. Biomech. Eng."},{"key":"2026041611395088100_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2022.105395","article-title":"Experimental Study of Eigenstrains in Temporomandibular Joint Discs Using Digital Image Analysis","volume":"134","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater."}],"container-title":["Journal of Biomechanical Engineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/asmedigitalcollection.asme.org\/biomechanical\/article-pdf\/148\/6\/061007\/7603418\/bio-25-1353.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/asmedigitalcollection.asme.org\/biomechanical\/article-pdf\/148\/6\/061007\/7603418\/bio-25-1353.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T15:40:04Z","timestamp":1776354004000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/asmedigitalcollection.asme.org\/biomechanical\/article\/148\/6\/061007\/1232190\/Integrated-Workflow-Finite-Element-Modeling-of-the"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1115\/1.4071534","relation":{},"ISSN":["0148-0731","1528-8951"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0148-0731","type":"print"},{"value":"1528-8951","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]]},"article-number":"061007"}}