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However, systematic evaluation of diverse metric formulations remains limited. The objective of this study was to establish and compare a comprehensive set of 40 mechanics-based metrics for characterizing HAEs, applied to low-severity soccer headers as a demonstration dataset. A custom instrumented mouthpiece system collected head kinematic data for 308 headers from 18 subjects. Exploratory unsupervised analyses were performed to characterize the internal structure of the metric space rather than establish predictive validity or generalizability beyond this dataset. Principal components analysis revealed three latent metric groups (proportional, rotational, translational\/combined), with mechanics-based metrics demonstrating stronger loadings on principal components compared to peak resultant kinematics alone, suggesting they may capture additional dimensions of biomechanical variability within this metric space. K-means clustering identified four distinct kinematic impact profiles, demonstrating that meaningful biomechanical structure exists even within a homogeneous sample of low-severity impacts. A minimal reporting set spanning traditional peak metrics, one energy or power metric, and one proportional metric is recommended in future use to facilitate cross-study comparisons. The forty metrics presented should not be interpreted as immediate improvements in injury prediction; but rather, they may provide comprehensive and complementary biomechanical characterization that is useful for future analyses of exposure assessment, feature selection, and metric validation studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4072689","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T10:34:12Z","timestamp":1789641252000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1115\/crossmarkpolicy-asme","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comprehensive Mechanics-Based Metrics for Quantification of Head Impacts From Kinematics"],"prefix":"10.1115","volume":"148","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-0113-8793","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cole D.","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wake Forest University School of Medicine , 575 N Patterson Avenue Suite 530, Winston-Salem, NC 27101; \u2009 Winston-Salem, NC 27101"},{"name":"School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Tech, Wake Forest University, , 575 N Patterson Avenue Suite 530, Winston-Salem, NC 27101; \u2009 Winston-Salem, NC 27101"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanner M.","family":"Filben","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Elemance, LLC , Winston-Salem, NC 27101"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristen F.","family":"Nicholson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wake Forest University School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC 27101 ;\u2009 Winston-Salem, NC 27101"},{"name":"School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Tech, Wake Forest University, , Winston-Salem, NC 27101 ;\u2009 Winston-Salem, NC 27101"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N. Stewart","family":"Pritchard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wake Forest University School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC 27101 ;\u2009 Winston-Salem, NC 27101"},{"name":"School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Tech, Wake Forest University, , Winston-Salem, NC 27101 ;\u2009 Winston-Salem, NC 27101"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ty D.","family":"Holcomb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wake Forest University School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC 27101 ;\u2009School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, , Winston-Salem, NC 27101"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01q1y4t48","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Virginia Tech, Wake Forest University , Winston-Salem, NC 27101 ;\u2009School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, , Winston-Salem, NC 27101"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jillian E.","family":"Urban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wake Forest University School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC 27101 ;\u2009 Winston-Salem, NC 27101"},{"name":"School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Tech, Wake Forest University, , Winston-Salem, NC 27101 ;\u2009 Winston-Salem, NC 27101"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Garrett S.","family":"Bullock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wake Forest University School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC 27101"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joel D.","family":"Stitzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wake Forest University School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC 27101 ;\u2009 Winston-Salem, NC 27101"},{"name":"School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Tech, Wake Forest University, , Winston-Salem, NC 27101 ;\u2009 Winston-Salem, NC 27101"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"33","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"2026092909450579600_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.psy.50.3.198","article-title":"Neuropsychiatric Problems After Traumatic Brain Injury Unraveling the Silent Epidemic","volume":"50","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychosomatics"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026092909450579600_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.3171\/2017.10.JNS17352","article-title":"Estimating the Global Incidence of Traumatic Brain Injury","volume":"130","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. 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