{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T16:19:45Z","timestamp":1790266785014,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"ASME International","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["asmedigitalcollection.asme.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The objective of this study was to produce linear and nonlinear viscoelastic models of eight major ligaments in the human ankle\/foot complex for use in computer models of the lower extremity. The ligaments included in this study were the anterior talofibular (ATaF), anterior tibiofibular (ATiF), anterior tibiotalar (ATT), calcaneofibular (CF), posterior talofibular (PTaF), posterior tibiofibular (PTiF), posterior tibiotalar (PTT), and tibiocalcaneal (TiC) ligaments. Step relaxation and ramp tests were performed. Back-extrapolation was used to correct for vibration effects and the error introduced by the finite rise time in step relaxation tests. Ligament behavior was found to be nonlinear viscoelastic, but could be adequately modeled up to 15 percent strain using Fung\u2019s quasilinear viscoelastic (QLV) model. Failure properties and the effects of preconditioning were also examined. [S0148-0731(00)01001-3]<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1115\/1.429623","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T09:02:17Z","timestamp":1027760537000},"page":"15-22","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1115\/crossmarkpolicy-asme","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":205,"title":["Linear and Quasi-Linear Viscoelastic Characterization of Ankle Ligaments"],"prefix":"10.1115","volume":"122","author":[{"given":"J. R.","family":"Funk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Automobile Safety Laboratory, Department of Mechanical, Nuclear, and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA\u200922903"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G. W.","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Automobile Safety Laboratory, Department of Mechanical, Nuclear, and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA\u200922903"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. R.","family":"Crandall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Automobile Safety Laboratory, Department of Mechanical, Nuclear, and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA\u200922903"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W. D.","family":"Pilkey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Automobile Safety Laboratory, Department of Mechanical, Nuclear, and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA\u200922903"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"33","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1999,9,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2019100608404962700_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Viidik, A., 1966, \u201cBiomechanics and Functional Adaptation of Tendons and Joint Ligaments,\u201d F. G. Evans, ed., in Studies on the Anatomy and Function of Bone and Joints, Springer, Berlin, pp. 17\u201339.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-99909-3_2"},{"key":"2019100608404962700_r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fung, Y. C., 1981, Biomechanics: Mechanical Properties of Living Tissues, Springer-Verlag, New York.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-1752-5_8"},{"key":"2019100608404962700_r3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Woo, S. L.-Y., Gomez, M. 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