{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T15:38:12Z","timestamp":1770133092987,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"ASME International","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["asmedigitalcollection.asme.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper presents a study on the k-\u03c9 turbulence model with regard to the numerical implementation of the \u03c9 boundary condition at a solid wall, where \u03c9 tends to infinity. Three different implementations are tested in the calculation of a simple two-dimensional turbulent flow over a flat plate. Grid refinement studies in grids with different near-wall grid line spacings are performed to assess the numerical uncertainty of the predicted drag coefficient CD. The results are compared with the predictions of several alternative algebraic, one-equation, and two-equation eddy-viscosity turbulence models. For the same level of grid refinement, the estimated uncertainty of CD obtained with the k-\u03c9 model is one order of magnitude larger than for all the other models.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1115\/1.1845492","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,3,12]],"date-time":"2005-03-12T07:03:54Z","timestamp":1110611034000},"page":"900-910","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1115\/crossmarkpolicy-asme","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["On the Grid Sensitivity of the Wall Boundary Condition of the k-\u03c9 Turbulence Model"],"prefix":"10.1115","volume":"126","author":[{"given":"L.","family":"Ec\u00b8a","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Superior Te\u00b4cnico, Department of Engineering, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1 Lisbon, 1049-001\u2009Portugal"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Hoekstra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maritime Research Institute Netherlands, P.O. Box 28 6700AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands"}]}],"member":"33","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2019100601405054000_r1","unstructured":"Wilcox, D. C., 1998, Turbulence Modeling for CFD, 2nd ed., DWC Industries, La Canada, California."},{"key":"2019100601405054000_r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Menter, F. R. , 1994, \u201cTwo-Equation Eddy-Viscosity Turbulence Models for Engineering Applications,\u201d AIAA J., 32, pp. 1598\u20131605.","DOI":"10.2514\/3.12149"},{"key":"2019100601405054000_r3","unstructured":"Kok, J. C., 1999, \u201cResolving the Dependence on Free-stream values for the k-\u03c9 Turbulence Model,\u201d NLR-TP-99295, http:\/\/www.nlr.nl\/public\/library\/1999\/99295-tp.pdf"},{"key":"2019100601405054000_r4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thivet, F., Daouk, M., and Knight, D., 2002, \u201cInfluence of the Wall Condition on k-\u03c9 Turbulence Model Predictions,\u201d AIAA J., 40, pp. 179\u2013181.","DOI":"10.2514\/3.15014"},{"key":"2019100601405054000_r5","unstructured":"Hellsten, A., 1998, \u201cOn the Solid-Wall Boundary Condition of \u03c9 in the k-\u03c9 Type Turbulence Models,\u201d Report B-50, Helsinki University of Technology, Laboratory of Aerodynamics, ISBN 951-22-4005-X; http:\/\/www.aero.hut.fi\/Englanniksi\/index.html"},{"key":"2019100601405054000_r6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cebeci, T., and Smith, A. M. 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