{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T18:54:43Z","timestamp":1762541683309},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"ASME International","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["asmedigitalcollection.asme.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A three-dimensional mathematical model based on the numerical solution of the governing equations of mass, momentum, and energy, and transport equations of scalar quantities is presented. The model is applied to a power station boiler of the Portuguese Electricity Utility for which experimental data are available. Predictions of the gas temperature and chemical species concentrations are compared with the measurements. Three different grids were employed to ensure that conclusions are not affected by the grid refinement. It was found that using a combustion model based on the chemical equilibrium assumption, the predicted gas species concentrations are in good agreement with the data and the temperature profiles display the correct trend, although the temperature was under predicted, especially in the burner region. The influence of the air\/fuel ratio and power load were also successfully simulated. The present results reveal the predictive capabilities of the model and its usefulness for design or optimization studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1115\/1.2817010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,21]],"date-time":"2008-02-21T20:26:25Z","timestamp":1203625585000},"page":"887-895","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1115\/crossmarkpolicy-asme","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Evaluation of a Three-Dimensional Mathematical Model of a Power Station Boiler"],"prefix":"10.1115","volume":"118","author":[{"given":"P. J.","family":"Coelho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechanical Engineering Department, Institute Superior Te\u00b4cnico, Technical University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1096 Lisboa Codex, Portugal"}]},{"given":"M. G.","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechanical Engineering Department, Institute Superior Te\u00b4cnico, Technical University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1096 Lisboa Codex, Portugal"}]}],"member":"33","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1996,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2019100416433947700_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abbas, A. S., and Lockwood, F. C., 1986, \u201cPrediction of Power Station Combustors,\u201d 21st Symposium (Int.) on Combustion, The Combustion Institute, pp. 285\u2013292.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0082-0784(88)80256-X"},{"key":"2019100416433947700_r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abou-Ellail\n              M. M. M.\n            , GosmanA. D., LockwoodF. C., and MegahedI. E. A., 1978, \u201cDescription and Validation of a Three-Dimensional Procedure for Combustion Chamber Flows,\u201d Journal of Energy, Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 71\u201380.","DOI":"10.2514\/3.62365"},{"key":"2019100416433947700_r3","unstructured":"Bonvini, M., Piana, C., and Vigevano, L., 1991, \u201cPredictions of Thermal NOx Emissions From Utility Boiler Furnaces,\u201d Proc. 1st International Conference on Combustion Technologies for a Clean Environment, Vilamoura, Portugal, Sept. 3\u20136, Vol. 2, paper 23.3."},{"key":"2019100416433947700_r4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boyd, R. K., and Kent, J. H., 1986, \u201cThree-Dimensional Furnace Computer Modelling,\u201d 21st Symposium (Int.) on Combustion, The Combustion Institute, pp. 265\u2013274.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0082-0784(88)80254-6"},{"key":"2019100416433947700_r5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Butler\n              B. W.\n            , and WebbB. W., 1991, \u201cLocal Temperature and Wall Radiant Heat Flux Measurements in an Industrial Scale Coal Fired Boiler,\u201d Fuel, Vol. 70, pp. 1457\u20131464.","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-2361(91)90013-Z"},{"key":"2019100416433947700_r6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carvalho\n              M. G.\n            , and CoelhoP. J., 1990, \u201cNumerical Prediction of an Oil-Fired Water-Tube Boiler,\u201d Engineering Computations\u2014Int. J. Computer Aided Engineering and Software, Vol. 7, No. 3, pp. 227\u2013234.","DOI":"10.1108\/eb023809"},{"key":"2019100416433947700_r7","unstructured":"Carvalho, M. G., Coelho, P. J., and Costa, F., 1990, \u201cA Comparative Study of the Performance of a Large Industrial Boiler for Fuel Oil and Natural Gas Firing,\u201d Proc. 6th ESPRIT CIM\u2014Europe Annual Conference, Lisbon, May 15\u201317."},{"key":"2019100416433947700_r8","unstructured":"Carvalho, M. G., Coelho, P. J., and Costa, F., 1991, \u201cMathematical Modelling of a Power Station Boiler of the Portuguese Electricity Utility,\u201d Proc. 2nd European Conference on Industrial Furnaces and Boilers, Vilamoura, Portugal, Apr. 2\u20135, Vol. 2."},{"key":"2019100416433947700_r9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cassiano\n              J.\n            , HeitorM. V., MoreiraA. L. N., and SilvaT. F., 1994, \u201cTemperature, Species and Heat Transfer Characteristics of a 250 MWe Utility Boiler,\u201d Combust. Sci. and Tech., Vol. 98, pp. 199\u2013215.","DOI":"10.1080\/00102209408935405"},{"key":"2019100416433947700_r10","unstructured":"Coelho, P. J., and Carvalho, M. G., 1992, \u201cHeat Transfer in Power Station Boilers,\u201d ASME AES-Vol. 27, R. F. Boehm, ed., New York, pp. 365\u2013372."},{"key":"2019100416433947700_r11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Coimbra\n              C. F. M.\n            , AzevedoJ. L. T., and CarvalhoM. G., 1994, \u201c3-D Numerical Model for Predicting NOx Emissions From an Industrial Pulverized Coal Combustor,\u201d Fuel, Vol. 73, pp. 1128\u20131134.","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-2361(94)90249-6"},{"key":"2019100416433947700_r12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Epple, B., and Schnell, U., 1992, \u201cModelling and Simulation of Coal Combustion Process in Utility Boiler Furnaces,\u201d Proc. 2nd International Forum on Expert Systems and Computer Simulation in Energy Engineering, Erlangen, Germany, Mar. 17\u201320, paper 12-L.","DOI":"10.1615\/ICHMT.1992.ExpSystComputSimEnergEngin.80"},{"key":"2019100416433947700_r13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fiveland\n              W. A.\n            , and WesselR. A., 1988, \u201cNumerical Model for Predicting Performance of Three-Dimensional Pulverized-Fuel Fired Furnaces,\u201d ASME JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER, Vol. 110, pp. 117\u2013126.","DOI":"10.1115\/1.3240074"},{"key":"2019100416433947700_r14","unstructured":"Fiveland, W. A., and Latham, C. E., 1991, \u201cUse of Numerical Modelling in the Design of a Low-NOx Burner for Utility Boilers,\u201d Proc. 1st International Conference on Combustion Technologies for a Clean Environment, Vilamoura, Portugal, Sept. 3\u20136, Vol. 1, paper 15.1."},{"key":"2019100416433947700_r15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gillis, P. A., and Smith, P. J., 1990, \u201cAn Evaluation of Three-Dimensional Computational Combustion and Fluid-Dynamics for Industrial Furnaces Geometries,\u201d 23rd Symposium (Int.) on Combustion, The Combustion Institute, pp. 981\u2013991.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0082-0784(06)80354-1"},{"key":"2019100416433947700_r16","unstructured":"Gordon, S., and McBride, B. J., 1971, \u201cComputer Program for Calculation of Complex Equilibrium Composition, Rocket Performance, Incident and Reflected Shocks and Chapman\u2014Jouguet Detonations,\u201d NASA SP-273."},{"key":"2019100416433947700_r17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Go\u00a8rner\n              K.\n            , and ZinserW., 1988, \u201cPrediction of Three-Dimensional Flows in Utility Boiler Furnaces and Comparison With Experiments,\u201d Combust. Sci. and Tech., Vol. 58, pp. 43\u201358.","DOI":"10.1080\/00102208808923955"},{"key":"2019100416433947700_r18","unstructured":"Hottel, H. C., and Sarofim, A. 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