{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,5]],"date-time":"2024-06-05T02:54:08Z","timestamp":1717556048308},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"ASME International","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["asmedigitalcollection.asme.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The effect of angle-of-attack or sideslip on noise radiation by a propeller is considered, (Fig. 3). For a single propeller, neglecting installation effects, the angles of attack and sideslip can be combined (Fig. 2). The simplest model of the propeller, as a point multipole source, leads to an effect of inflow angle on acoustic radiation intensity, which is specified by the Doppler factor (Fig. 1). This simple model gives results consistent with experiments (Zandbergen, Sarin &amp; Donnely, 1984, 1990), with a scaled propeller in a wind tunnel; the simple alberaic formula (Section 2), gives better results than a more elaborate numerical method (Succi, 1979). Proceeding to consider finite source distributions along the blades, leads to a less simple analytical theory (Section 3), based on radiation integrals valid in the far-field. It allows the consideration of unsteady monopole, dipole and quadrupole sources. This analytical theory, allowing for a distribution of acoustic sources along the span of the blades, gives a non-negligible correction to the algebraic theory. Thus the latter is adequate only as a simple order-of-magnitude estimate of noise level; a more acurate calculation noise levels requires evaluation of the radiation integrals, based on a knowledge of the acoustic source distribution.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1115\/1.2893947","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,27]],"date-time":"2008-02-27T23:45:39Z","timestamp":1204155939000},"page":"50-58","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1115\/crossmarkpolicy-asme","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["On the Influence of Angle-of-Attack or Sideslip on Far-Field Propeller Noise"],"prefix":"10.1115","volume":"121","author":[{"given":"L. M. B. C.","family":"Campos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Secc\u00b8a\u02dco de Meca\u02c6nica Aeroespacial, ISR, Instituto Superior Te\u00b4cnico, 1096 Lisboa Codex, Portugal"}]}],"member":"33","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1999,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2019100605173310600_r1","unstructured":"Abramowitz, M., and Stegun, I., 1964, Handbook of Mathematical Functions, Dover."},{"key":"2019100605173310600_r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Campos, L. M. B. C., 1978a, \u201cOn the Emission of Sound by an Ionized Inhomogeneity,\u201d Proc. Roy. Soc. A351, pp. 65\u201391.","DOI":"10.1098\/rspa.1978.0032"},{"key":"2019100605173310600_r3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Campos\n              L. M. B. C.\n            \n          , 1978b, \u201cOn the Spectral Broadening of Sound by Turbulent Shear Layers,\u201d J. 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P., 1980, \u201cA Review of Propeller Discrete Frequency Noise Prediction Technology with Emphasis on Two Current Methods of Time Domain Calculations,\u201d J. Sound Vib., Vol. 71, pp. 399\u2013342.","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-460X(80)90422-8"},{"key":"2019100605173310600_r12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ffowcs-Williams, J. E., and Hawkins, D. L., 1968, \u201cSound Generation by Turbulence and Surfaces in Arbitrary Motion,\u201d Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc., A264, pp. 321\u2013342.","DOI":"10.1098\/rsta.1969.0031"},{"key":"2019100605173310600_r13","unstructured":"Glauert, H., 1936, Airfoil and Airscrew Theory, Cambridge U.P."},{"key":"2019100605173310600_r14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goldstein\n              M. E.\n            \n          , 1974, \u201cUnified Approach to Aerodynamic Sound Generation in the Presence of Solid Boundaries,\u201d J. Acoust. Soc. Am., Vol. 56, pp. 497\u2013506.","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1903283"},{"key":"2019100605173310600_r15","unstructured":"Goldstein, M. E., 1976 Aeroacoustics, McGraw-Hill."},{"key":"2019100605173310600_r16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gounet\n              H.\n            , and LewyS., 1988, \u201cPrediction of Prop-fan Noise by a Frequency-domain Scheme,\u201d AIAA J. Aircraft, Vol. 25, pp. 428\u2013435.","DOI":"10.2514\/3.45599"},{"key":"2019100605173310600_r17","unstructured":"Gutin, L. Ya., 1936, \u201cOn the Sound Field of a Rotating Propeller,\u201d NASA TM-1195 (1948)."},{"key":"2019100605173310600_r18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hanson\n              D. B.\n            \n          , 1980a, \u201cHelicoidal Surface Theory for Harmonic Noise of Propellers in the Far-field,\u201d AIAA Journ., Vol. 18, pp. 1213\u20131220.","DOI":"10.2514\/3.50873"},{"key":"2019100605173310600_r19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hanson\n              D. B.\n            \n          , 1980b, \u201cInfluence of Propeller Design Parameters on Far-field Harmonic Noise in Forward Flight,\u201d AIAA Journ., Vol. 18, pp. 1313\u20131319.","DOI":"10.2514\/3.50887"},{"key":"2019100605173310600_r20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hanson\n              D. B.\n            \n          , 1983, \u201cCompressible Helicoidal Surface Theory for Propeller Aerodynamics and Noise,\u201d AIAA Journ., Vol. 21, pp. 881\u2013889.","DOI":"10.2514\/3.60132"},{"key":"2019100605173310600_r21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hanson\n              D. B.\n            \n          , 1985, \u201cNoise of Counterrotation Propellers,\u201d AIAA Journ. of Aircraft, Vol. 22, pp. 609\u2013617.","DOI":"10.2514\/3.45173"},{"key":"2019100605173310600_r22","unstructured":"Hubbard, H. 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