{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T03:38:42Z","timestamp":1768966722559,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"ASME International","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["asmedigitalcollection.asme.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The limitation on the top velocity of high-speed trains concerns the ability to supply the proper amount of energy required to run the engines through the catenary-pantograph interface. Due to the loss of contact, not only the energy supply is interrupted, but also arching between the collector bow of the pantograph and the contact wire of the catenary occurs, leading to the deterioration of the functional conditions of the two systems. An alternative would be to increase the contact force between the two systems. But such force increase would lead to a rapid wear of the contact strip of the pantograph and of the contact wire with negative consequences on the durability of the systems. These situations require that the dynamics of the pantograph-catenary are properly modeled and that software used for analysis, design, or to support maintenance decisions is not only accurate and efficient, but also allows for modeling all details relevant to the train overhead energy collector operation. This work presents a fully three-dimensional methodology for the computational analysis of the interaction between catenary and pantographs. The finite element method (FEM) is used to support the modeling of the catenary, while a multibody (MB) dynamics methodology is applied to support the pantograph modeling. The contact between the two subsystems is described using a penalty contact formulation. A high-speed co-simulation procedure is proposed to ensure the communication between the two methodologies. In order to validate the formulation and models developed, the numerical results are compared against experimental data. The proposed methodology is then applied to study the interaction of multiple pantographs of a high-speed train with the catenary. The results show that the passage of the front pantograph excites the catenary, leading to the deterioration of the contact conditions on the rear one.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4006734","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,22]],"date-time":"2012-06-22T15:14:35Z","timestamp":1340378075000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1115\/crossmarkpolicy-asme","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Multiple Pantograph Interaction With Catenaries in High-Speed Trains"],"prefix":"10.1115","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Pombo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IDMEC - Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Ambr\u00f3sio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IDMEC - Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"}]}],"member":"33","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2019100512554341800_c1","unstructured":"Gardou, M.\n          , 1984, Etude Du Comportement Dynamique De Lxensemble Pantographe-Cat\u00e9naire (Study of the Dynamic Behavior of the Pantograph-Catenary) (in French), Conservatoire National des Arts et PhD thesis, Paris, France."},{"key":"2019100512554341800_c2","unstructured":"Jensen, C.\n          , 1997, \u201cNonlinear Systems With Discrete and Discontinuous Elements,\u201d Ph.D. thesis, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark."},{"issue":"8","key":"2019100512554341800_c3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1080\/00423110500165523","article-title":"Moving Force on an Axially Loaded Beam\u2014With Applications to a Railway Overhead Contact Wire","volume":"44","author":"Dahlberg","journal-title":"Veh. Syst. Dyn."},{"key":"2019100512554341800_c4","unstructured":"Labergri, F.\n          , 2000, \u201cMod\u00e9lisation Du Comportement Dynamique Du Syst\u00e8me Pantographe-Cat\u00e9naire (Model for the Dynamic Behavior of the System Pantograph-Catenary) (in French),\u201d Ph.D. thesis, Ecole Central de Lyon, Lyon, France."},{"issue":"8","key":"2019100512554341800_c5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1080\/00423110500373721","article-title":"Dynamic Analysis of a Pantograph-Catenary System Using Absolute Nodal Coordinates","volume":"44","author":"Seo","journal-title":"Veh. Syst. Dyn."},{"key":"2019100512554341800_c6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-90-481-9971-6_1","article-title":"A Flexible Multibody Pantograph Model for the Analysis of the Catenary-Pantograph Contact","volume-title":"Multibody Dynamics: Computational Methods and Applications, Computational Methods in Applied Sciences","author":"Ambr\u00f3sio"},{"issue":"4","key":"2019100512554341800_c7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-9274(99)00038-0","article-title":"Pantograph and Catenary Dynamics: A Benchmark Problem and Its Numerical Solution","volume":"34","author":"Arnold","journal-title":"Appl. Numer. Math."},{"key":"2019100512554341800_c8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022067317220","article-title":"Nonlinear Dynamic Behaviour of Coupled Suspension Systems","volume":"38","author":"Jerrelind","journal-title":"Meccanica"},{"issue":"S1","key":"2019100512554341800_c9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1080\/00423110600875559","article-title":"A Hybrid Method to Simulate the Interaction of Pantograph and Catenary on Overlap Span","volume":"44","author":"Mei","journal-title":"Veh. Syst. Dyn."},{"key":"2019100512554341800_c10","article-title":"Multibody Modeling of Pantographs for Catenary-Pantograph Interaction","volume-title":"Iutam Symposium on Multiscale Problems in Multibody System Contacts","author":"Rauter"},{"issue":"3","key":"2019100512554341800_c11","first-page":"447","article-title":"Contact Model for the Pantograph-Catenary Interaction","volume":"1","author":"Rauter","journal-title":"JSME Int. J. Syst. Des. Dyn."},{"key":"2019100512554341800_c12","volume-title":"Large Deformation Analysis of the Pantograph-Catenary Systems","author":"Seo"},{"issue":"8","key":"2019100512554341800_c13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1080\/00423110500165499","article-title":"Simulation Model for the Study of Overhead Rail Current Collector Systems Dynamics, Focused on the Design of a New Conductor Rail","volume":"44","author":"Vera","journal-title":"Veh. Syst. Dyn."},{"issue":"6","key":"2019100512554341800_c14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1076\/vesd.38.6.393.8347","article-title":"Hybrid Simulation of Dynamics for the Pantograph-Catenary System","volume":"38","author":"Zhang","journal-title":"Veh. Syst. Dyn."},{"key":"2019100512554341800_c15","volume-title":"Finite Element Analysis Theory and Application With Ansys","author":"Moaveni"},{"issue":"4","key":"2019100512554341800_c16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1076\/vesd.38.4.261.8286","article-title":"Numerical Simulation of Pantograph-Overhead Equipment Interaction","volume":"38","author":"Collina","journal-title":"Veh. Syst. Dyn."},{"issue":"S1","key":"2019100512554341800_c17","first-page":"579","article-title":"On the Prediction of Wear of Contact Wire in Ohe Lines: A Proposed Model","volume":"37","author":"Collina","journal-title":"Veh. Syst. Dyn."},{"issue":"S1","key":"2019100512554341800_c18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1080\/00423110600875484","article-title":"Pantograph Aerodynamic Effects on the Pantograph-Catenary Interaction","volume":"44","author":"Bocciolone","journal-title":"Veh. Syst. 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Eng."},{"key":"2019100512554341800_c21","first-page":"243","article-title":"Actively Controlled Pantograph: An Application","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics","author":"Resta"},{"issue":"2","key":"2019100512554341800_c22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1076\/0042-3114(200002)33:2;1-1;FT069","article-title":"Innovative Solutions for Overhead Catenary-Pantograph System: Wire Actuated Control and Observed Contact Force","volume":"33","author":"Balestrino","journal-title":"Veh. Syst. Dyn."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"2019100512554341800_c23","first-page":"64","article-title":"Hochgeschwindigkeitsfahrleitung - Ein Thema Fur Die Forschung (The High-Speed Catenary - A Subject for Research)","volume":"44","author":"Becker","journal-title":"ETR - Eisen-Bahantechnische Rundschau"},{"issue":"6","key":"2019100512554341800_c24","first-page":"239","article-title":"Famos - Ein Programm Zur Simulation Von Oberleitungen Und Stromabnehmer (Famos - A Program for the Simulation of Catenaries and Pantographs)","volume":"120","author":"Reinbold","journal-title":"ZEV+DET Glases Annalen"},{"key":"2019100512554341800_c25","first-page":"635","article-title":"Coupled Simulations of Multibody Systems and Elastic Structures","volume-title":"Proceedings of EUROMECH Colloquium 404 Advances in Computational Multibody Dynamics","author":"Veitl"},{"key":"2019100512554341800_c26","volume-title":"Analisis Mediante Elementos Finites Del Acoplamiento Di-Namico Catenaria-Pant\u00f3grafo (Finite Element Analysis of the Dynamic Coupling Catenary-Pantograph)","author":"Fernandez"},{"key":"2019100512554341800_c27","volume-title":"Europacas-Fe Software - Catenary Module Users\u2019 Manual","author":"Bobillot"},{"key":"2019100512554341800_c28","volume-title":"Europacas-Mb Software - Pantograph Module Users\u2019 Manual","author":"Pombo"},{"key":"2019100512554341800_c29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4020-8829-2_12","article-title":"A Memory Based Communication in the Co-Simulation of Multibody and Finite Element Codes for Pantograph-Catenary Interaction Simulation","volume-title":"Multibody Dynamics","author":"Ambr\u00f3sio"},{"issue":"2","key":"2019100512554341800_c30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1007\/s11044-011-9255-x","article-title":"An Approach for Modeling Long Flexible Bodies With Application to Railroad Dynamics","volume":"26","author":"Chamorro","journal-title":"Multibody Syst. Dyn."},{"issue":"3","key":"2019100512554341800_c31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1243\/09544097JRRT328","article-title":"Mapping Railway Wheel Material Wear Mechanisms and Transitions","volume":"224","author":"Lewis","journal-title":"Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng., F J. Rail Rapid Transit"},{"key":"2019100512554341800_c32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compstruc.2013.01.015","article-title":"Environmental and Track Perturbations on Multiple Pantograph Interactions With Catenaries in High-Speed Trains","volume-title":"Proceedings of 13th International Conference on Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering Computing (CC2011)","author":"Pombo"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"2019100512554341800_c33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/s11071-011-0212-2","article-title":"An Alternative Method to Include Track Irregularities in Railway Vehicle Dynamic Analyses","volume":"68","author":"Pombo","journal-title":"Nonlinear Dyn."},{"issue":"3","key":"2019100512554341800_c34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1007\/s11044-010-9217-8","article-title":"A Study on Wear Evaluation of Railway Wheels Based on Multibody Dynamics and Wear Computation","volume":"24","author":"Pombo","journal-title":"Multibody Syst. 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