{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T12:40:13Z","timestamp":1753879213816,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"ASME International","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["asmedigitalcollection.asme.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In medical emergency situations, when a patient needs a blood transfusion, the universal blood type O\u2212 is administered. This procedure may lead to the depletion of stock reserves of O\u2212 blood. Nowadays, there is no commercial equipment capable of determining the patient's blood type in situ, in a fast and reliable process. Human blood typing is usually performed through the manual test, which involves a macroscopic observation and interpretation of the results by an analyst. This test, despite of having a fast response time, may lead to human errors, which sometimes can be fatal to the patient. This paper presents the development of an automatic mechatronic prototype for determining human blood typing (ABO and Rh systems) through image processing techniques. The prototype design takes into account the characteristics of reliability of analysis, portability, and response time allowing the system to be used in emergency situations. The developed prototype performs blood and reagents mixture acquires the resultant image and processes the data (based on image processing techniques) to determine the sample blood type. It was tested in a laboratory, using cataloged samples of blood types, provided by the Portuguese Institute of Blood and Transplantation. Hereafter, it is expected to test and validate the prototype in clinical environments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4028201","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,7]],"date-time":"2014-08-07T19:31:37Z","timestamp":1407439897000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1115\/crossmarkpolicy-asme","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Mechatronic System for ABO Human Blood Typing"],"prefix":"10.1115","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"V\u00e2nia","family":"Moreira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Algoritmi Research Centre, University of Minho, Campus de Azur\u00e9m, Guimar\u00e3es 4800-058, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Machado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CT2M, University of Minho, Campus de Azur\u00e9m, Guimar\u00e3es 4800-058, Portugal"}]},{"given":"V\u00edtor","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Algoritmi Research Centre, University of Minho, Campus de Azur\u00e9m, Guimar\u00e3es 4800-058, Portugal;"},{"name":"IPCA-EST, Campus do IPCA, Barcelos 4750-810, Portugal e-mail:"}]},{"given":"Filomena","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Algoritmi Research Centre, University of Minho, Campus de Azur\u00e9m, Guimar\u00e3es 4800-058, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Ferraz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Algoritmi Research Centre, University of Minho, Campus de Azur\u00e9m, Guimar\u00e3es 4800-058, Portugal"}]}],"member":"33","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,4]]},"reference":[{"author":"DiaMed,","key":"2019100615454508000_B1"},{"article-title":"Design of a Mechatronic System for Human Blood Typing in Emergency Situations","volume-title":"ETFA 2012","year":"2012","key":"2019100615454508000_B2"},{"issue":"9","key":"2019100615454508000_B3","first-page":"512","article-title":"Automation in the Blood Transfusion Laboratory: II. 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