{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T14:15:28Z","timestamp":1772806528765,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"ASME International","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["asmedigitalcollection.asme.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Most common studies on the strength of plates under compressive longitudinal loading are related to plates having unrestrained edges which lead to a zero net load in the transverse direction. In ships, the framing system and the continuity of the plating in the transverse direction tend to induce rather different boundary conditions on the \u201cunloaded\u201d edges, which results in a completely different state of stresses when the external loads are applied. This is due to the surge of a significant level of induced membrane stresses in the direction perpendicular to loading. In this work, the behavior of long restrained plates under compressive axial loading is analyzed and compared with the one of plates having other boundary conditions. The finite element method is applied for the nonlinear analysis of the plates using a commercial package. Fifty-six cases are considered corresponding to different levels of plate slenderness which ranges between 0.35 and 3.46 covering the practical range of structural plates used in the shipbuilding industry. Various shapes of initial imperfections are considered in order to establish the minimum level of resistance. Also, the influence of the magnitude of the distortions associated to each mode is discussed. The study conducted to the establishment of the minimum compressive strength of restrained plates and it defines the expected range of strength's variation due to the magnitude level of distortions. The biaxial state of stresses resulting from these boundary conditions is characterized and its dependence from the plate's slenderness is quantified for the most common type of the hull plating.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4030927","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,29]],"date-time":"2015-06-29T16:33:02Z","timestamp":1435595582000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1115\/crossmarkpolicy-asme","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Effect of Initial Imperfections on the Strength of Restrained Plates"],"prefix":"10.1115","volume":"137","author":[{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Manuel","family":"Gordo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CENTEC, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon 1049-001, Portugal"}]}],"member":"33","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"2019100617551244000_bib1","first-page":"287","article-title":"Design Equation for the Compressive Strength of Unstiffened Plate Elements With Initial Imperfections","volume":"9","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Constr. Steel Res."},{"key":"2019100617551244000_bib2","unstructured":"Guedes Soares, C., and Guedes da Silva, A., 1991, \u201cReliability of Unstiffened Plate Elements Under In-Plane Combined Loading,\u201d Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering Conference, Stavanger, Norway, Vol. 2, pp. 265\u2013276."},{"key":"2019100617551244000_bib3","year":"2007"},{"key":"2019100617551244000_bib4","unstructured":"Guedes Soares, C., and Kmiecik, M., 1995, \u201cInfluence of the Boundary Conditions on the Collapse Strength of Square Plates With Initial Imperfections,\u201d Marine Technology and Transportation Conference, Graczyk, T., Jastrzebski, T., Brebbia, C. A., and Burns, R., eds., Computational Mechanics Publications, pp. 227\u2013235."},{"key":"2019100617551244000_bib5","unstructured":"Gordo, J. M., 2002, \u201cUltimate Strength of Ships' Structures Under Bending (Resist\u00eancia \u00daltima de Estruturas de Navios sob Flex\u00e3o),\u201d Ph.D. thesis, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Lisboa, Portugal (in Portuguese)."},{"key":"2019100617551244000_bib6","first-page":"189","article-title":"Approximate Load Shortening Curves for Stiffened Plates Under Uniaxial Compression","volume-title":"Integrity of Offshore Structures\u20135","year":"1993"},{"issue":"1","key":"2019100617551244000_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.5957\/jsr.1996.40.1.60","article-title":"Approximate Assessment of the Ultimate Longitudinal Strength of the Hull Girder","volume":"40","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Ship Res."},{"key":"2019100617551244000_bib8","article-title":"Ultimate Strength of Plate Elements Under Longitudinal Compression (Resist\u00eancia Limite de Elementos de Placa Sujeitas a Compress\u00e3o Longitudinal)","volume-title":"Paper No. 881","year":"2007"},{"issue":"1","key":"2019100617551244000_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5957\/jsr.1975.19.1.1","article-title":"A Review of Effective Plating for Use in the Analysis of Stiffened Plating in Bending and Compression","volume":"19","year":"1975","journal-title":"J. Ship Res."},{"issue":"12","key":"2019100617551244000_bib10","first-page":"55","article-title":"System of Programs for IBM PC\/AT for Nonlinear Analysis of Plates and Panels by Finite Element Method","volume":"11","year":"1990","journal-title":"Budowinctwo i Gospod. Morsk."}],"container-title":["Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/asmedigitalcollection.asme.org\/offshoremechanics\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1115\/1.4030927\/6245113\/omae_137_05_051401.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/asmedigitalcollection.asme.org\/offshoremechanics\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1115\/1.4030927\/6245113\/omae_137_05_051401.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,15]],"date-time":"2022-05-15T22:39:30Z","timestamp":1652654370000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/asmedigitalcollection.asme.org\/offshoremechanics\/article\/doi\/10.1115\/1.4030927\/375266\/Effect-of-Initial-Imperfections-on-the-Strength-of"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,23]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1115\/1.4030927","relation":{},"ISSN":["0892-7219","1528-896X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0892-7219","type":"print"},{"value":"1528-896X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,23]]},"article-number":"051401"}}