{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T05:13:13Z","timestamp":1775884393556,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"ASME International","issue":"1","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PTDC\/EMS-ENE\/3362\/2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/EMS-ENE\/3362\/2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2015\/26842-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015\/26842-3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006710","name":"Wayne State University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["University Research"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["University Research"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006710","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["asmedigitalcollection.asme.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Combustion characteristics at small scales have been studied continuously due to the potential applications in portable power devices. It is known that heat release impacts at small scales result in different flame behavior as compared to conventional scales. The impacts of geometry, stoichiometry, flow rates, wall temperatures, etc., are widely studied in the literature. However, dilution impacts still need to be further studied due to its important role on controlling the flame behavior and subsequent pollutants emissions at these scales. In this work, premixed hydrogen\/air combustion is simulated at an axis-symmetric microchannel (with diameter D\u2009=\u20090.8\u2009mm and length L\u2009=\u200910 mm), where detailed chemical kinetics are implemented in simulations (32 species and 173 reactions). The heat transfer on the wall is considered by imposing a hyperbolic temperature profile on the wall, where the wall temperature increases from 300 K at the inlet to 1300 K at the outlet. With this setup, a range of equivalence ratios including a typical fuel-lean regime (\u03d5\u2009=\u20090.7), stoichiometric regime (\u03d5\u2009=\u20091.0), and two cases at an ultra-rich regime (\u03d5\u2009=\u20092.0 and \u03d5\u2009=\u20093.0) are investigated. For each equivalence ratio, excess dilution (using N2) is introduced to the mixture, and its impact is compared with other cases. With that, the impacts of dilution variations on the combustion characteristics of premixed hydrogen\/air are investigated for different equivalence ratios. More specifically, several incidents such as flame dynamics, flame stabilization, extinctions, and NOx emissions are studied for the aforementioned operating conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4041623","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,5]],"date-time":"2018-10-05T03:31:05Z","timestamp":1538710265000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1115\/crossmarkpolicy-asme","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Impacts of Dilution on Hydrogen Combustion Characteristics and NOx Emissions"],"prefix":"10.1115","volume":"141","author":[{"given":"P. R.","family":"Resende","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Control and Automation, Institute of Science and Technology, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), S\u00e3o Paulo 18087-180, Brazil e-mail:"}]},{"given":"Alexandre","family":"Afonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Transport Phenomena Research Centre (CEFT), University of Porto, Porto 4200-465, Portugal e-mail:"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Pinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Transport Phenomena Research Centre (CEFT), University of Porto, Porto 4200-465, Portugal e-mail:"}]},{"given":"Mohsen","family":"Ayoobi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Engineering Technology, College of Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48108 e-mail:"}]}],"member":"33","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2019100616193667900_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1756827717706009","article-title":"Numerical Analysis of Flame Instabilities in Narrow Channels: Laminar Premixed Methane\/Air Combustion","volume":"9","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. 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