{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]],"date-time":"2025-10-02T10:34:09Z","timestamp":1759401249876,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"ASME International","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,7]],"date-time":"2019-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567814400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.asme.org\/publications-submissions\/publishing-information\/legal-policies"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BD\/52350\/2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/52350\/2013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006919","name":"MIT Portugal Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006919","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["asmedigitalcollection.asme.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Over the last years, there has been a high interest in carbon nanotubes' (CNTs) applications due to their unique properties, mainly at mechanical and electrical levels. However, current synthesis processes, such as chemical vapor deposition (CVD), are highly unpredictable and inconsistent, which leads to an exhaustive trial-and-error methodology when extrapolating results. A sensitivity analysis based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is performed here to two distinct setups of the CVD process as a way to understand the synthesis process. Setups were computationally designed and simulated for various synthesis scenarios, where only the hydrocarbon flow and the process temperature were changed. Measuring synthesis conditions, such as concentrations and velocity, inside the tube furnace, for these scenarios allows the identification of which compound affects most each condition. Results showed that, when envisioning the process extrapolation, the synthesis conditions can be tuned via the accessed parameters.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4044424","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,2]],"date-time":"2019-08-02T14:30:44Z","timestamp":1564756244000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1115\/crossmarkpolicy-asme","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A Computational Fluid Dynamics-Based Sensitivity Analysis of the Chemical Vapor Analysis Process to Synthesize Carbon Nanotubes"],"prefix":"10.1115","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"C.","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal;"},{"name":"CMEMS, University of Minho, 4804-533 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal;"},{"name":"MIT Portugal\u2014EDAM, School of Engineering, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"given":"A. F.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CMEMS, University of Minho, 4804-533 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal;"}]},{"given":"L. A.","family":"Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal;"},{"name":"CMEMS, University of Minho, 4804-533 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal;"}]}],"member":"33","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"2021022709345291800_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3565","DOI":"10.1021\/nn400507y","article-title":"Statistical Analysis of Variation in Laboratory Growth of Carbon Nanotube Forests and Recommendations for Improved Consistency","volume":"7","author":"Oliver","year":"2013","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021022709345291800_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3739","DOI":"10.1166\/jnn.2010.2939","article-title":"Chemical Vapor Deposition of Carbon Nanotubes: A Review on Growth Mechanism and Mass Production","volume":"10","author":"Kumar","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol."},{"issue":"3\u20137","key":"2021022709345291800_CIT0003","first-page":"1235","article-title":"Growth of Carbon Nanotubes Via Chemical Vapor Deposition","volume":"10","author":"Matyushov","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diam. Relat. Mater."},{"issue":"3","key":"2021022709345291800_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1166\/jnn.2006.121","article-title":"Carbon Nanotube-Based Sensors","volume":"6","author":"Sinha","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol."},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"2021022709345291800_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mseb.2004.05.038","article-title":"Carbon Nanotubes Growth by Chemical Vapor Deposition Using Thin Film Nickel Catalyst","volume":"112","author":"Moshkalyov","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. B"},{"key":"2021022709345291800_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cma.2012.03.025","article-title":"Analysis of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Using the Moving Kriging Interpolation","volume":"232","author":"Yan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng."},{"key":"2021022709345291800_CIT0007","first-page":"25","article-title":"Computational Fluid Dynamics in the Carbon Nanotubes Synthesis by Chemical Vapor Deposition","volume":"1446","author":"S\u00e1nchez","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc."},{"issue":"4\u20136","key":"2021022709345291800_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cplett.2004.01.124","article-title":"CFD Prediction of Carbon Nanotube Production Rate in a CVD Reactor","volume":"387","author":"Endo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Chem. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"2021022709345291800_CIT0009","first-page":"1","article-title":"Combined Experimental and Simulation (CFD) Analysis on Performance of a Horizontal Tube Reactor Used to Produce Carbon Nanotubes","author":"White","year":"2009"},{"key":"2021022709345291800_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mssp.2015.08.013","article-title":"Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes by Catalytic Chemical Vapour Deposition: A Review on Carbon Sources, Catalysts and Substrates","volume":"41","author":"Shah","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Semicond. Process."},{"key":"2021022709345291800_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cma.2016.06.015","article-title":"Computational Modelling of Multiscale, Multiphase Fluid Mixtures With Application to Tumour Growth","volume":"309","author":"Collis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng."},{"key":"2021022709345291800_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cma.2016.09.020","article-title":"Modeling and Simulations for Fluid and Rotating Structure Interactions","volume":"311","author":"Yang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng."},{"issue":"12","key":"2021022709345291800_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1002\/crat.201600104","article-title":"An Experimental and CFD Study on Gas Flow Field Distribution in the Growth Process of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Arrays by Thermal Chemical Vapor Deposition","volume":"51","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cryst. Res. Technol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2021022709345291800_CIT0014","first-page":"2083","article-title":"Mechanism of Carbon Nanotube Formation in the Arc Discharge","volume":"52","author":"Gamaly","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am. Phys. Soc."},{"issue":"5348","key":"2021022709345291800_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1126\/science.279.5348.208","article-title":"A Laser Ablation Method for the Synthesis of Crystalline Semiconductor Nanowires","volume":"279","author":"Morales","year":"1998","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"11","key":"2021022709345291800_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2004.05.010","article-title":"Flame Synthesis of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes","volume":"42","author":"Height","year":"2004","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"key":"2021022709345291800_CIT0017","volume-title":"Computational Fluid Dynamics: A Practical Approach","author":"Tu","year":"2018","edition":"3rd"},{"key":"2021022709345291800_CIT0018","volume-title":"An Introduction to Computational Fluid Dynamics\u2014The Finite Volume Method","author":"Versteeg","year":"2007","edition":"2nd ed."},{"issue":"11","key":"2021022709345291800_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2006.05.004","article-title":"Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)\u2014An Effective and Efficient Design and Analysis Tool for the Food Industry: A Review","volume":"17","author":"Norton","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. Technol."},{"year":"2010","author":"ANSYS Inc.","key":"2021022709345291800_CIT0020"},{"key":"2021022709345291800_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-56026-2","volume-title":"Computational Methods for Fluid Dynamics","author":"Ferziger","year":"2002","edition":"3rd"}],"container-title":["Journal of Thermal Science and Engineering Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/asmedigitalcollection.asme.org\/thermalscienceapplication\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1115\/1.4044424\/6649403\/tsea_12_1_011010.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/asmedigitalcollection.asme.org\/thermalscienceapplication\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1115\/1.4044424\/6649403\/tsea_12_1_011010.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,27]],"date-time":"2021-02-27T09:35:57Z","timestamp":1614418557000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/asmedigitalcollection.asme.org\/thermalscienceapplication\/article\/doi\/10.1115\/1.4044424\/956332\/A-Computational-Fluid-Dynamics-Based-Sensitivity"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,7]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1115\/1.4044424","relation":{},"ISSN":["1948-5085","1948-5093"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1948-5085"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1948-5093"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,7]]},"article-number":"011010"}}