{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]],"date-time":"2025-10-18T10:51:47Z","timestamp":1760784707884,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"ASME International","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,25]],"date-time":"2019-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569369600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.asme.org\/publications-submissions\/publishing-information\/legal-policies"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UID\/CEC\/50021\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/CEC\/50021\/2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["asmedigitalcollection.asme.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The main goal of this work is to study the role of energy storage in the context of the Portuguese power system by the year 2030. Portugal is one of the countries in the world with more installed energy storage capacity, namely pumped hydro storage (PHS). The simulations are performed with energyplan tool and allow us to predict the energy mix in Portugal by the year 2030; to forecast the utilization of the storage capacity, namely projections for the energy produced by PHS; to estimate CO2 emissions and percentage of renewable energy sources (RES) utilization; to assess the necessary storage capacity to avoid renewable curtailment; and to evaluate the future needs of installing further storage capacity, either with more PHS capacity or with the introduction of batteries. PHS revealed that it is important to avoid the curtailment of renewable energy, especially in a scenario of higher RES shares. It is shown that the increase in RES contribution would decrease the overall costs of the system, leading to thinking that further efforts should be made to increase the RES installed capacity and go beyond the official RES predictions for 2030. It is also concluded that the predicted storage capacity for 2030 can accommodate the expected increase in variable renewable generation without any further need for investments in PHS or battery solutions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4044958","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,25]],"date-time":"2019-09-25T11:09:01Z","timestamp":1569409741000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1115\/crossmarkpolicy-asme","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Modeling Renewable Energy Integration in the 2030 Portuguese Power System: The Role of Energy Storage"],"prefix":"10.1115","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Ramos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, University of Lisbon, Lisbon 1049-001, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INESC-ID\/IST, University of Lisbon, Lisbon 1049-001, Portugal"}]}],"member":"33","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,4]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"Electricity Storage and Renewables: Costs and Markets to 2030","year":"2017","author":"Ralon","key":"2019122004432097000_CIT0001"},{"key":"2019122004432097000_CIT0002","first-page":"1","article-title":"Economy of Electricity Storage in the Nordic Electricity Market: The Case for Finland","author":"Zakeri","year":"2014"},{"key":"2019122004432097000_CIT0003","unstructured":"Lazard\n          , 2016, Lazard\u2019s Levelized Cost of Storage\u2014Version 2.0. https:\/\/www.lazard.com\/media\/438042\/lazard-levelized-cost-of-storage-v20.pdf, Accessed April 2018."},{"key":"2019122004432097000_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2011.11.003","article-title":"The Technical and Economic Implications of Integrating Fluctuating Renewable Energy Using Energy Storage","volume":"43","author":"Connolly","year":"2012","journal-title":"Renewable Energy"},{"issue":"5","key":"2019122004432097000_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2008.04.003","article-title":"Energy System Analysis of 100% Renewable Energy Systems\u2014The Case of Denmark in Years 2030 and 2050","volume":"34","author":"Lund","year":"2009","journal-title":"Energy"},{"issue":"2","key":"2019122004432097000_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2010.09.006","article-title":"How to Achieve a 100% RES Electricity Supply for Portugal?","volume":"88","author":"Kraja\u010di\u0107","year":"2011","journal-title":"Appl. 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Energy"},{"key":"2019122004432097000_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2014.10.011","article-title":"Electrical Energy Storage Systems: A Comparative Life Cycle Cost Analysis","volume":"42","author":"Zakeri","year":"2015","journal-title":"Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev."},{"issue":"6\u20137","key":"2019122004432097000_CIT00010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2008.09.028","article-title":"Overview of Current and Future Energy Storage Technologies for Electric Power Applications","volume":"13","author":"Hadjipaschalis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev."},{"key":"2019122004432097000_CIT00011","first-page":"1","article-title":"Value Propositions for Utility-Scale Energy Storage","author":"Manz","year":"2011"},{"issue":"2","key":"2019122004432097000_CIT00012","first-page":"1","article-title":"A Coordinated Dispatch Method With Pumped-Storage and Battery-Storage for Compensating the Variation of Wind Power","volume":"3","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prot. Control Mod. Power Syst."},{"issue":"19","key":"2019122004432097000_CIT00013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7717","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2015.09.008","article-title":"Benchmarking and Selection of Power-to-Gas Utilizing Electrolytic Hydrogen as an Energy Storage Alternative","volume":"41","author":"Walker","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Hydrogen Energy"},{"key":"2019122004432097000_CIT00014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.est.2016.02.004","article-title":"Large-Scale Integration of Renewable Energies and Impact on Storage Demand in a European Renewable Power System of 2050\u2014Sensitivity Study","volume":"6","author":"Bussar","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Energy Storage"},{"issue":"4","key":"2019122004432097000_CIT00015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2009.09.026","article-title":"A Review of Computer Tools for Analysing the Integration of Renewable Energy Into Various Energy Systems","volume":"87","author":"Connolly","year":"2010","journal-title":"Appl. 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