{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T17:07:58Z","timestamp":1767892078862,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"American Society of Mechanical Engineers","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,27]],"date-time":"2025-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753574400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.asme.org\/publications-submissions\/publishing-information\/legal-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["asmedigitalcollection.asme.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Electrohydrodynamic jets, or commonly known as electrosprays, generate particles from a liquid under the influence of a high electric field. Discovered in the 20th century, electro spraying has gained prominence in diverse fields, such as automotive painting, aerospace propulsion and drug delivery. This study aims to investigate the behavior of different liquids in an electrospray, analyzing droplet characteristics by means of the Phase Doppler technique. This technique utilizes two converging beams and several photo detectors in order to measure droplet size, velocity and concentration. The study was conducted with ethanol, acetone and ethylene glycol, varying different parameters such as the emitter diameter, liquid flow rate and emitter to collector distance, with a fixed time of thirty seconds, to better understand the influence of these parameters on each liquid. The results obtained revealed notable differences among the liquids, with ethylene glycol showing larger diameters and low velocity, contrary to the smaller but faster droplets created by the ethanol. Meanwhile, acetone displays optimal results with consistent droplet formation when compared to the other liquids. This study aims to improve the understanding of these electrospray parameters as a means to achieve the desired droplet properties while highlighting the Phase Doppler technique.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1115\/fedsm2025-158667","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T18:46:45Z","timestamp":1758739605000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1115\/crossmarkpolicy-asme","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Experimental Analysis of Electrohydrodynamic Atomization of Different Fluids"],"prefix":"10.1115","author":[{"given":"Gustavo","family":"Nunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade da Beira Interior , ,","place":["Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"]}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade da Beira Interior , ,","place":["Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"]}]},{"given":"Frederico","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade da Beira Interior , ,","place":["Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"]}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"P\u00e1scoa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade da Beira Interior , ,","place":["Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"]}]}],"member":"33","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]]},"event":{"name":"ASME 2025 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting","location":"Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA","acronym":"FEDSM2025","sponsor":["Fluids Engineering Division"],"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,27]]},"end":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]]}},"container-title":["Volume 1: Artificial Intelligence (AI) for Fluids; CFD Methods; CFD Applications; Bio-Inspired and Biomedical Fluid Dynamics; Fluid Measurement and Instrumentation; Energy &amp; Sustainability"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/asmedigitalcollection.asme.org\/FEDSM\/proceedings-pdf\/doi\/10.1115\/FEDSM2025-158667\/7540995\/v001t05a009-fedsm2025-158667.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/asmedigitalcollection.asme.org\/FEDSM\/proceedings-pdf\/doi\/10.1115\/FEDSM2025-158667\/7540995\/v001t05a009-fedsm2025-158667.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T18:46:45Z","timestamp":1758739605000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/asmedigitalcollection.asme.org\/FEDSM\/proceedings\/FEDSM2025\/88995\/V001T05A009\/1222532"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,27]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1115\/fedsm2025-158667","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,27]]},"article-number":"V001T05A009"}}