{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T22:21:50Z","timestamp":1761862910735},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"ASMEDC","content-domain":{"domain":["asmedigitalcollection.asme.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>There are several possible configurations and technologies for the powertrains of electric and hybrid vehicles, but most of them will include advanced energy storage systems comprising batteries and ultra-capacitors. Thus, it will be of capital importance to evaluate the power and energy involved in braking and the fraction that has the possibility of being regenerated. The Series type Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (S-PHEV), with electric traction and a small Internal Combustion Engine ICE) powering a generator, is likely to become a configuration winner. The first part of this work describes the model used for the quantification of the energy flows of a vehicle, following a particular route. Normalised driving-cycles used in Europe and USA and real routes and traffic conditions were tested. The results show that, in severe urban driving-cycles, the braking energy can represent more than 70% of the required useful motor-energy. This figure is reduced to 40% in suburban routes and to a much lower 18% on motorway conditions. The second part of the work consists on the integration of the main energy components of an S-PHEV into the mathematical model. Their performance and capacity characteristics are described and some simulation results presented. In the case of suburban driving, 90% of the electrical motor-energy is supplied by the battery and ultra-capacitors and 10% by the auxiliary ICE generator, while on motorway these we got 65% and 35%, respectively. The simulations also indicate an electric consumption of 120 W.h\/km for a small 1 ton car on a suburban route. This value increases by 11% in the absence of ultra-capacitors and a further 28% without regenerative braking.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1115\/imece2009-13077","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,8]],"date-time":"2010-07-08T18:31:56Z","timestamp":1278613916000},"page":"525-532","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1115\/crossmarkpolicy-asme","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Regenerative Braking Potential and Energy Simulations for a Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle Under Real Driving Conditions"],"prefix":"10.1115","author":[{"given":"L. A. S. B.","family":"Martins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade do Minho, Guimara\u02dces, Portugal"}]},{"given":"J. M. O.","family":"Brito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade do Minho, Guimara\u02dces, Portugal"}]},{"given":"A. M. D.","family":"Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade do Minho, Guimara\u02dces, Portugal"}]},{"given":"J. J. G.","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade do Minho, Guimara\u02dces, Portugal"}]}],"member":"33","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,8]]},"event":{"name":"ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition","start":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,13]]},"sponsor":["ASME"],"location":"Lake Buena Vista, Florida, USA","end":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,19]]},"acronym":"IMECE2009"},"container-title":["Volume 6: Emerging Technologies: Alternative Energy Systems; Energy Systems: Analysis, Thermodynamics and Sustainability"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/asmedigitalcollection.asme.org\/IMECE\/proceedings-pdf\/doi\/10.1115\/IMECE2009-13077\/2750231\/525_1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/asmedigitalcollection.asme.org\/IMECE\/proceedings-pdf\/doi\/10.1115\/IMECE2009-13077\/2750231\/525_1.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,10]],"date-time":"2020-01-10T16:46:36Z","timestamp":1578674796000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/asmedigitalcollection.asme.org\/IMECE\/proceedings\/IMECE2009\/43796\/525\/343650"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,1]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1115\/imece2009-13077","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,1]]}}}