{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T05:08:45Z","timestamp":1789708125292,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"SRUMB - Romanian Society for Ultrasonography in Medicine and Biology","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Med Ultrason"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Aim: This study investigated the enhancement patterns observed on contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) images for differentiating thyroid nodules.Material and methods: A retrospective review was conducted of CEUS cine loops of 252 nodules by two independent readers. Seven categories of enhancement patterns were identified: concentric hypoenhancement; heterogeneous hypoenhancement; hypoenhancement with sharp margin; homogeneous hyper\/isoenhancement; hyper\/isoenhancement with ring-like vascularity; island-like enhancement; and no perfusion. Associations between these patterns and the confirmed pathological\/cytological outcomes (178 malignant, 74 benign) were analyzed and the sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive values (PPVs) determined. The agreement of the readers\u2019 assessments was evaluated by Kappa value.Results: For malignant nodules, the predominant 3 patterns were: concentric hypoenhancement, heterogeneous hypoenhancement and homogeneous hyper\/isoenhancement. For each of these, the diagnostic specificity was above 87% and the PPV more than 85%. Combining these patterns for malignancy the rates of sensitivity, specificity and PPV for reader 1 (reader 2) were 96.1% (98.9%), 71.6% (71.6%), and 89.1% (89.3%), respectively. For benign nodules, the predominant 4 patterns were: hypoenhancement with sharp margin; hyper\/isoenhancement with ring-like vascularity; island-like enhancement; and no perfusion. The specificity for each was above 98% and the PPV more than 70%. Combining these patterns for benignity, the rates of sensitivity, specificity and PPV for reader 1 (reader 2) were 71.6% (71.6%), 96.1% (98.9%) and 88.3% (96.3%), respectively. The inter-reviewers agreement for classifying enhancement patterns was excellent (\u03ba = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.79-0.89).Conclusions: Enhancement patterns of thyroid nodules on CEUS investigation, enable differentiation between malignant and benign lesions with good diagnostic sensitivity, specificity and PPV.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.11152\/mu-2252","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,19]],"date-time":"2020-02-19T11:41:24Z","timestamp":1582112484000},"page":"164","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Evaluation of characteristics of thyroid nodules on contrast-enhanced ultrasonography: a retrospective analysis of 252 cases"],"prefix":"10.11152","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Wen","family":"Luo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiani","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lina","family":"Pang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peidi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fen","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haijing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunfei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4840","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,11]]},"container-title":["Medical Ultrasonography"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.medultrason.ro\/medultrason\/index.php\/medultrason\/article\/viewFile\/2252\/1577","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.medultrason.ro\/medultrason\/index.php\/medultrason\/article\/viewFile\/2252\/1577","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,11]],"date-time":"2020-05-11T19:01:52Z","timestamp":1589223712000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.medultrason.ro\/medultrason\/index.php\/medultrason\/article\/view\/2252"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,11]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,11]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11152\/mu-2252","relation":{},"ISSN":["2066-8643","1844-4172"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2066-8643","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1844-4172","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,11]]}}}