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Calcium phosphate can be easily induced on the surface of a PEO coating that includes phosphate in a physiological environment because Ca2+ ions in body fluids can be combined with PO43\u2212. Cytotoxicity of the PEO coating formed in electrolytes with various amounts of Na3PO4 was identified. In particular, the effects that PEO films have upon oxidative stress and differentiation of osteoblast activity were studied. As the concentration of Na3PO4 in the electrolyte increased, the oxide layer was found to become thicker, which increased corrosion resistance. However, the PEO coating formed in electrolytes with over 0.2\u2009M of added Na3PO4 exhibited more microcracks and larger pores than those formed in smaller Na3PO4 concentrations owing to a large spark discharge. A nonuniform oxide film that included more phosphate caused more cytotoxicity and oxidative stress, and overabundant phosphate content in the oxide layer interrupted the differentiation of osteoblasts. The corrosion resistance of the magnesium alloy and the thickness of the oxide layer were increased by the addition of Na3PO4 in the electrolyte for PEO treatment. However, excessive phosphate content in the oxide layer led to oxidative stress, which resulted in reduced cell viability and activity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1116\/1.4940769","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,1]],"date-time":"2016-02-01T18:00:26Z","timestamp":1454349626000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Effect upon biocompatibility and biocorrosion properties of plasma electrolytic oxidation in trisodium phosphate electrolytes"],"prefix":"10.1116","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Yu-Kyoung","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chonbuk National University Department of Dental Biomaterials and Institute of Biodegradable Materials, Institute of Oral Bioscience and School of Dentistry (plus BK21 program), , Jeon Ju 561-756, South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Il-Song","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chonbuk National University Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, Research Center for Advanced Materials Development and Institute of Biodegradable Materials, , Jeonju 561-756, South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kwang-Bok","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chonbuk National University Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Biodegradable Materials, Chonbuk National University Medical School, , Jeon Ju 561-756, South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tae-Sung","family":"Bae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chonbuk National University Department of Dental Biomaterials and Institute of Biodegradable Materials, Institute of Oral Bioscience and School of Dentistry (Plus BK21 Program), , Jeon Ju 561-756, South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yong-Seok","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chonbuk National University Department of Dental Biomaterials and Institute of Biodegradable Materials, Institute of Oral Bioscience and School of Dentistry (Plus BK21 Program), , Jeon Ju 561-756, South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Young-Min","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chonbuk National University Hospital Department of Neurosurgery, Chonbuk National University Medical School, , Jeon Ju 561-756, South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Min-Ho","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chonbuk National University Department of Dental Biomaterials and Institute of Biodegradable Materials, Institute of Oral Bioscience and School of Dentistry (Plus BK21 Program), , Jeon Ju 561-756, South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"20","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023071522502322100_c1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2007.12.021","volume":"29","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"2023071522502322100_c2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matchemphys.2010.10.015","volume":"125","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mater. 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