{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T17:08:17Z","timestamp":1789060097382,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"American Vacuum Society","issue":"3","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001409","name":"Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SR\/FST\/PSII-53\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SR\/FST\/PSII-53\/2018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001409","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Center of excellence in emerging materials","award":["Centre of Excellence in Emerging Materials (CEEMS) Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Centre of Excellence in Emerging Materials (CEEMS) Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["pubs.aip.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Magnetic nanoparticle-based targeted hyperthermia, combined with chemotherapy, is a promising approach for cancer treatment. In this study, a targeted magnetic drug delivery system was developed, comprising doxorubicin (DOX), a [D-Trp6] luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) (Triptorelin) ligand, and a polyethylene glycol (PEG)-coated magnetite core, aiming to enhance cancer therapy efficacy. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the conjugation of LHRH onto the PEG-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Ultraviolet\u2013visible spectroscopy was employed to assess drug loading, revealing a loading efficiency of 66%. The DOX-loaded, LHRH-tagged PEG-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles were evaluated for their cytotoxic effects on A549 and MCF-7 cancer cell lines under three treatment modalities: thermotherapy, chemotherapy, and combined thermo-chemotherapy, both with and without the application of a magnetic field. Cell viability was assessed using the 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. In A549 cells, the combined thermo-chemotherapy treatment at a DOX concentration of 10\u2009\u03bcg\/ml resulted in an 88% reduction in cell viability, outperforming chemotherapy alone (62%) and thermotherapy alone (47%). Similarly, in MCF-7 cells, the combined treatment at 8\u2009\u03bcg\/ml DOX led to a 91% reduction in viability, surpassing the effects of chemotherapy (57%) and thermotherapy (45%) individually. Additionally, the targeted DOX-loaded nanoparticles significantly elevated interferon-gamma production, indicating an enhanced immune response and increased cancer cell apoptosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1116\/6.0004228","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]],"date-time":"2025-06-09T08:03:32Z","timestamp":1749456212000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["<i>In vitro<\/i>\n                    assessment of polyethylene glycol-coated iron oxide nanoparticles integrating luteinizing hormone releasing-hormone targeted magnetic hyperthermia and doxorubicin for lung and breast cancer cells"],"prefix":"10.1116","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Neha","family":"Srivastava","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology 1 , Patiala 147004,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4540-8785","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bhupendra","family":"Chudasama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics and Materials Science, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology 2 , Patiala 147004,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6581-9346","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manoj","family":"Baranwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology 1 , Patiala 147004,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"20","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025060908032506900_c1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21834","volume":"74","year":"2024","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"2025060908032506900_c2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"939378","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/939378","volume":"2014","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. Sch. Res. Notices"},{"key":"2025060908032506900_c3","first-page":"386237","volume":"9","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"2025060908032506900_c4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2174\/138955711793564024","volume":"11","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mini Rev. Med. Chem."},{"key":"2025060908032506900_c5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.2174\/1567201818666210609161301","volume":"18","year":"2021","journal-title":"Current Drug Deliv."},{"key":"2025060908032506900_c6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11040625","volume":"11","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"2025060908032506900_c7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1807","DOI":"10.3390\/nano12111807","volume":"12","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nanomaterials"},{"key":"2025060908032506900_c8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2011.95","volume":"6","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"2025060908032506900_c9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"060801","DOI":"10.1116\/6.0003079","volume":"18","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biointerphases"},{"key":"2025060908032506900_c10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28148","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcc.5b07796","volume":"119","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C"},{"key":"2025060908032506900_c11","first-page":"83","volume-title":"Emerging Nanomaterials for Advanced Technologies, Nanotechnology in the Life Sciences","author":"Krishnan","year":"2022"},{"key":"2025060908032506900_c12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3793","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.40805","volume":"10","year":"2020","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"2025060908032506900_c13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.2147\/BCTT.S137508","volume":"10","year":"2018","journal-title":"Breast Cancer: Targets Ther."},{"key":"2025060908032506900_c14","unstructured":"N. S.\n            Gandhi\n          , \u201cDesign, development and evaluation of targeted delivery system for the treatment of lung cancer,\u201d Ph.D. dissertation (University of Hawai'i at Hilo, 2017)."},{"key":"2025060908032506900_c15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.105.043489","volume":"73","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"2025060908032506900_c16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.2174\/1389557516666161013111155","volume":"17","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mini-Rev. Med. Chem."},{"key":"2025060908032506900_c17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2019.00943","volume":"9","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"2025060908032506900_c18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s11671-015-1209-4","volume":"11","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nanoscale Res. Lett."},{"key":"2025060908032506900_c19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2013.09.032","volume":"458","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"2025060908032506900_c20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-006-9199-7","volume":"99","year":"2006","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res. Treat."},{"key":"2025060908032506900_c21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2008.09.039","volume":"29","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng., C"},{"key":"2025060908032506900_c22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.3109\/1061186X.2011.622404","volume":"19","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Drug Targeting"},{"key":"2025060908032506900_c23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2350094","DOI":"10.1142\/S1793292023500947","volume":"18","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nano"},{"key":"2025060908032506900_c24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2010.01.006","volume":"30","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng., C"},{"key":"2025060908032506900_c25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1677","DOI":"10.1007\/s11051-010-9921-6","volume":"13","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Nanopart. Res."},{"key":"2025060908032506900_c26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1571","DOI":"10.2217\/nnm.10.77","volume":"5","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nanomedicine"},{"key":"2025060908032506900_c27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1007\/s13205-018-1509-3","volume":"8","year":"2018","journal-title":"3 Biotech"},{"key":"2025060908032506900_c28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2018.02.017","volume":"88","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng., C"},{"key":"2025060908032506900_c29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2014.10.081","volume":"46","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng., C"},{"key":"2025060908032506900_c30","first-page":"2661","volume":"7","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"2025060908032506900_c31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1177\/0960327116672910","volume":"36","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum. Exp. Toxicol."},{"key":"2025060908032506900_c32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.3390\/magnetochemistry8050054","volume":"8","year":"2022","journal-title":"Magnetochemistry"},{"key":"2025060908032506900_c33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1416","DOI":"10.1007\/s11051-013-1416-9","volume":"15","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Nanopart. Res."},{"key":"2025060908032506900_c34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.87.3.8437","volume":"87","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"2025060908032506900_c35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2017.04.009","volume":"67","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Therm. Biol."},{"key":"2025060908032506900_c36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1532","DOI":"10.1007\/s12015-024-10736-0","volume":"20","year":"2024","journal-title":"Stem Cell Rev. Rep."},{"key":"2025060908032506900_c37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2016.07.025","volume":"93","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"2025060908032506900_c38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"480626","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/480626","volume":"2012","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Nanomater."},{"key":"2025060908032506900_c39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-018-0029-z","volume":"18","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"2025060908032506900_c40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1038\/s43018-020-0038-2","volume":"1","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Cancer"},{"key":"2025060908032506900_c41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-7-158","volume":"7","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"2025060908032506900_c42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2312","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-8049(96)00273-0","volume":"32","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer"},{"key":"2025060908032506900_c43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01990032","volume":"18","year":"1991","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res. Treat."},{"key":"2025060908032506900_c44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1993.339","volume":"68","year":"1993","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"}],"container-title":["Biointerphases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/avs\/bip\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1116\/6.0004228\/20551565\/031001_1_6.0004228.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/avs\/bip\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1116\/6.0004228\/20551565\/031001_1_6.0004228.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]],"date-time":"2025-06-09T08:03:34Z","timestamp":1749456214000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/bip\/article\/20\/3\/031001\/3349250\/In-vitro-assessment-of-polyethylene-glycol-coated"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1116\/6.0004228","relation":{},"ISSN":["1934-8630","1559-4106"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1934-8630","type":"print"},{"value":"1559-4106","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]]},"article-number":"031001"}}