{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T13:07:20Z","timestamp":1753880840600,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"American Vacuum Society","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]],"date-time":"2025-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744329600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":41,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI","award":["JP22K17094"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP22K17094"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["pubs.aip.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The long-term stability of dental implants is significantly influenced by their resistance to foreign factors in the peri-implant epithelium (PIE). Despite this, enhancing the sealing properties at the implant\u2013PIE interface continues to be an unmet clinical need. Ti\u20136Al\u20134V (Ti64) alloy has higher tensile strength and hardness than pure titanium. This study was to verify whether hydrothermal treatment of Ti64 alloy implants with distilled water (HT-DW) or calcium chloride (CaCl2) solution (HT-Ca) could improve the sealing of the PIE around Ti64 implants. The existence of calcium (Ca) on the surface of HT-Ca implants was confirmed using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and synchrotron-based x-ray absorption fine structure techniques. These data showed that the surface was oxidized, and Ca existed in the form of anhydrous CaCl2 and calcium titanate. Laminin-332 (Ln), which is an essential component of epithelial adhesion structures, was observed between all types of implants and the PIE, 4 weeks after implantation in rat maxillae. Ln distribution over the entire epithelial interface was similar for the HT-Ca implant and a natural tooth. Moreover, the HT-Ca implant inhibited foreign body penetration, which indicated stronger gingival sealing at the implant\u2013PIE interface, compared with the untreated and HT-DW implants. We also investigated the attachment of mouse-derived gingival epithelial cells (GE1). GE1 adherence was stronger and Ln expression levels were higher for HT-Ca plates compared with the untreated and HT-DW plates. Our results demonstrate that hydrothermal treatment of Ti64 implants with CaCl2 solution facilitates the growth of an effective soft tissue seal around the implant.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1116\/6.0004359","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]],"date-time":"2025-04-11T12:01:36Z","timestamp":1744372896000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Enhancing epithelial tissue sealing of titanium alloy implants through CaCl2-based hydrothermal treatment"],"prefix":"10.1116","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4237-2979","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasushige","family":"Sakamoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Implant and Rehabilitative Dentistry, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University 1 , 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akihiro","family":"Furuhashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Implant and Rehabilitative Dentistry, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University 1 , 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4356-7421","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Albert","family":"Mufundirwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute 2 , 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0478-145X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takeharu","family":"Sugiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Synchrotron Light Applications, Kyushu University 3 , 6-1 Kasugakoen, Kasuga-shi, Fukuoka 816-8580,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ikiru","family":"Atsuta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Fixed Prosthodontics, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University 4 , 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0039-716X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasunori","family":"Ayukawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Implant and Rehabilitative Dentistry, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University 1 , 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"20","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025041108012886400_c1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-051X.29.s3.12.x","volume":"29","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. 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