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EDX spectral analysis confirmed the presence of Cu, Mg, and O elements in the Mg-doped nanoparticles. The optical bandgap ranged from 1.28 to 1.37\u2009eV, in which undoped CuO exhibited a high optical bandgap. The antibacterial activity of CuO nanoparticles increased upon increasing the concentration of Mg doping against the tested pathogens, including Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus. The biosynthesized CuO and Mg-doped CuO nanoparticles demonstrated potent concentration-dependent cytotoxic effects on breast cancer cells, achieving complete growth inhibition at 70\u2009\u03bcg\/ml CuO and 60\u2009\u03bcg\/ml Mg-doped CuO, with IC50 values of approximately 35.4 and 30.0\u2009\u03bcg\/ml, respectively.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1116\/6.0005450","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T12:08:46Z","timestamp":1788523726000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Green-synthesized Mg-doped CuO nanoparticles targeting septicemia pathogens: Enhanced antibacterial and cancer cell cytotoxicity"],"prefix":"10.1116","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-6334-2713","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Murugeswari","family":"Raju","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sree Sevugan Annamalai College (Affiliated to Alagappa University, Karaikudi) 1 , Devakottai, Karaikudi,","place":["India"]},{"name":"Thin Film & Nanoscience Research Lab, PG & Research Department of Physics, Alagappa Government Arts College (Affiliated to Alagappa University, Karaikudi) 2 , Karaikudi 630003,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0181-5485","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Karunakaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thin Film & Nanoscience Research Lab, PG & Research Department of Physics, Alagappa Government Arts College (Affiliated to Alagappa University, Karaikudi) 2 , Karaikudi 630003,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1615-6283","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Divya Gnaneswari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Gargi College 3 , New Delhi,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3430-8655","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P.","family":"Shunmuga Sundaram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University 4 , Chennai, Tamil Nadu,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Shanmugapriya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vicerrector\u00eda de Investigaci\u00f3n y Postgrado, Universidad de La Serena 5 , La Serena 1700000,","place":["Chile"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8719-1329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L.","family":"Bruno Chandrasekar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS) 6 , Thandalam 600128,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"20","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090408084042900_c1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djad086","volume":"115","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. 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