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Nanoindentation revealed pronounced functional differentiation within each mandible: the cutting edge exhibited the highest hardness and stiffness values, while basal regions were softer and more flexible, indicating adaptive gradients that balance wear resistance with shock absorption. Confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed a strong relationship between autofluorescence-based sclerotization signals and the gradients in elastic modulus (E) and hardness (H). Elemental composition analyses identified potential cross-linking elements, with zinc (Zn) showing the highest correlations with mechanical properties. Host plant-dependent differences were found, i.e., larvae feeding on silica phytolith-containing host plants (Zea mays, Avena sativa, Oryza sativa) exhibited higher Zn contents, increased degrees of sclerotization, and elevated E and H values, resulting in reduced mandibular wear compared with larvae feeding on plants with weaker mechanical defenses (Amaranthus hybridus, Conyza bonariensis). This intraspecific variation underscores the importance of elemental incorporation and tanning in mediating adaptation to plant mechanical defenses. Variation in mouthpart properties may enhance feeding performance across host plants; however, because all tested individuals were assigned to the C-strain, the present study addresses host-associated variation within a single strain rather than divergence between strains.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1116\/6.0005706","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T11:27:57Z","timestamp":1790767677000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mandibular mechanical properties and material composition in a generalist pest insect feeding on different host plants"],"prefix":"10.1116","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2158-9806","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wencke","family":"Krings","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig 1 , Liebigstra\u00dfe 12, 04103 Leipzig,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Department of Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Kiel University 2 , Am Botanischen Garten 1\u20139, 24118 Kiel,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Department of Electron Microscopy, Institute of Cell and Systems Biology of Animals, University of Hamburg 3 , Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Section Mammalogy and Palaeoanthropology, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change 4 , Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4495-2575","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Bernardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Departamento Fitossanidade Entomologia Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitario - 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