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Current vascular bioprinting is undergoing a pivotal shift from simple structural mimicry to functional bionic reconstruction, yet structurally qualified printed vessels often fail in long-term in vivo patency and physiological function due to insufficient biological activity. This review systematically summarizes the recent research progress of functional vascular bioprinting, focusing on advanced functional biomaterials, cutting-edge printing technologies, and core functional optimization strategies. We first clarify the essential differences between structural printing and functional vascular construction and establish a standardized functional evaluation system for bioprinted vessels. This paper further elaborates on the design and optimization of smart composite bioinks; highlights emerging high-fidelity printing technologies including embedded suspension printing, field-assisted microscale printing, and in situ printing; and summarizes key strategies for vascular functional maturation, covering endothelial barrier reconstruction, antithrombotic\/anti-inflammatory modification, mechanical domestication, and in vivo remodeling. We also discuss the latest biomedical applications, translational bottlenecks, and future development directions of intelligent biomaterials, multi-scale printing, and standardized translational systems. This review provides a systematic reference for promoting the transformation of vascular bioprinting from structural fabrication to clinical functional application, advancing the development of vascular regenerative medicine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1116\/6.0005743","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T12:27:43Z","timestamp":1790598463000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["From structural mimicry to functional maturation: Advances in functional vascular 3D bioprinting"],"prefix":"10.1116","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1588-020X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tian","family":"Jiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Intelligent Manufacturing and Electrical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University 1 , Nanyang, Henan 473061,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Intelligent Explosion-Proof Equipment, Nanyang Normal University 2 , Nanyang, Henan 473061,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaofan","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Intelligent Manufacturing and Electrical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University 1 , Nanyang, Henan 473061,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Intelligent Explosion-Proof Equipment, Nanyang Normal University 2 , Nanyang, Henan 473061,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Congzheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Intelligent Manufacturing and Electrical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University 1 , Nanyang, Henan 473061,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Intelligent Explosion-Proof Equipment, Nanyang Normal University 2 , Nanyang, Henan 473061,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7845-1122","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Intelligent Manufacturing and Electrical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University 1 , Nanyang, Henan 473061,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Intelligent Explosion-Proof Equipment, Nanyang Normal University 2 , Nanyang, Henan 473061,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"20","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026092808273664600_c1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.3390\/biom13030562","volume":"13","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"2026092808273664600_c2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.121.319984","volume":"131","year":"2022","journal-title":"Circ. 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