{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T22:02:39Z","timestamp":1790892159714,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"SPIE-Intl Soc Optical Eng","issue":"04","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Electron. Imag."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Software visualization involves creation and display of graphical representations of software characteristics or behavior, often to assist in the discovery of software problems or unanticipated behavior. This paper presents a new approach for threedimensional (3D) visualization (including extraction and display) of design phase object-oriented software metrics. The visualizations are designed to foster developers\u2019 intuitive understanding of the metrics and to aid in the early understanding of structural characteristics of design components. The approach utilizes the extensibility interface of a popular computer aided software engineering tool to access and automatically extract eight key design metrics from Unified Modeling Language class diagrams. Following metric extraction, 3D visualizations of these metrics are generated for each class using perceptually meaningful glyphs. The approach has been implemented by a tool that emits and displays Virtual Reality Modeling Language representations of a design\u2019s glyphs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1117\/1.1289353","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T09:59:57Z","timestamp":1027677597000},"page":"368-374","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Three-dimensional visualization of object-oriented software design metrics"],"prefix":"10.1117","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Anuradha","family":"Lakshminarayana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. of Alabama in Huntsville"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy S.","family":"Newman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. of Alabama in Huntsville"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"189","reference":[{"key":"10.1117\/1.1289353_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1109\/MCG.1997.595265","volume":"17","author":"Gershon","year":"1997","journal-title":"IEEE Comput. Graphics Appl.","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0272-1716","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"10.1117\/1.1289353_r2","first-page":"29","volume":"42","author":"Rosenbloom","year":"1999","journal-title":"Commun. ACM","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0001-0782","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"10.1117\/1.1289353_r3","unstructured":"B. Price, R. Baeker, and I. Small, \u201cAn introduction to software visualization,\u201d in\n                      Software Visualization: Programming as a Multimedia Experience\n                      , J. Stasko, J. Domingue, M. Brown, and B. Price, eds., pp. 3\u20136, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA (1998)."},{"key":"10.1117\/1.1289353_r4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1109\/2.488299","volume":"29","author":"Ball","year":"1996","journal-title":"IEEE Computer"},{"key":"10.1117\/1.1289353_r5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1109\/32.177365","volume":"18","author":"Eick","year":"1992","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Software Eng."},{"key":"10.1117\/1.1289353_r6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1109\/38.595276","volume":"17","author":"Fyock","year":"1997","journal-title":"IEEE Comput. Graphics Appl.","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0272-1716","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"10.1117\/1.1289353_r7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. J. Baker and S. G. Eick, \u201cVisualizing software systems,\u201d\n                      Proc. 16th International Conf. on Software Engg (ICSE 16)\n                      , pp. 59\u201367, Sorrento, Italy (1994).","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSE.1994.296766"},{"key":"10.1117\/1.1289353_r8","unstructured":"S. P. Reiss, \u201cVisualizing for software engineering\u2014Programming Environments,\u201d in Ref. 3, pp. 259\u2013276."},{"key":"10.1117\/1.1289353_r9","unstructured":"W. De Pauw, D. Kimelman, and J. Vlissides, \u201cVisualizing object-oriented software execution,\u201d in Ref. 3, pp. 329\u2013346."},{"key":"10.1117\/1.1289353_r10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/0164-1212(93)90077-B","volume":"23","author":"Li","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Syst. & Software"},{"key":"10.1117\/1.1289353_r11","unstructured":"R. S. Pressman,\n                      Software Engineering: A Practitioner\u2019s Approach\n                      , McGraw\u2013Hill, New York (1997)."},{"key":"10.1117\/1.1289353_r12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.1976.233837","volume":"2","author":"McCabe","year":"1976","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Software Eng."},{"key":"10.1117\/1.1289353_r13","unstructured":"M. H. Halstead,\n                      Elements of Software Science\n                      , Elsevier, North-Holland, New York (1977)."},{"key":"10.1117\/1.1289353_r14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1109\/32.295895","volume":"20","author":"Chidamber","year":"1994","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Software Eng."},{"key":"10.1117\/1.1289353_r15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/S0164-1212(98)10052-3","volume":"44","author":"Li","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Systems & Software"},{"key":"10.1117\/1.1289353_r16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. Bansiya and C. Davis, \u201cA model for object-oriented design quality assessment,\u201d\n                      IEEE Trans. Software Eng.\n                      (to be published).","DOI":"10.1109\/32.979986"},{"key":"10.1117\/1.1289353_r17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1109\/38.689658","volume":"18","author":"Chuah","year":"1998","journal-title":"IEEE Comput. Graphics Appl.","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0272-1716","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"10.1117\/1.1289353_r18","unstructured":"I. Jacobson, G. Booch, and J. Rambaugh,\n                      The Unified Software Development Process\n                      , Addison\u2013Wesley, Reading, MA (1999)."},{"key":"10.1117\/1.1289353_r19","unstructured":"P. C. Wong and R. D. Bergeron, \u201cMultivariate visualization using metric scaling,\u201d\n                      Proc. Visualization 97\n                      , pp. 111\u2013118 (1997)."},{"key":"10.1117\/1.1289353_r20","unstructured":"R. Carey and G. Bell,\n                      The Annotated VRML 2.0 Reference Manual\n                      , Addison\u2013Wesley, Reading, MA (1997)."}],"container-title":["Journal of Electronic Imaging"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.spiedigitallibrary.org\/journals\/journal-of-electronic-imaging\/volume-9\/issue-04\/368\/Three-dimensional-visualization-of-object-oriented-software-design-metrics\/10.1117\/1.1289353.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T21:40:45Z","timestamp":1790890845000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.spiedigitallibrary.org\/journals\/journal-of-electronic-imaging\/volume-9\/issue-04\/368\/Three-dimensional-visualization-of-object-oriented-software-design-metrics\/10.1117\/1.1289353.full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,10,1]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"04"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1117\/1.1289353","relation":{},"ISSN":["1017-9909","1560-229X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1017-9909","type":"print"},{"value":"1560-229X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,10,1]]}}}