{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T22:45:32Z","timestamp":1791153932329,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"SPIE-Intl Soc Optical Eng","issue":"04","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Biomed. Opt."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>To evaluate the potential of a new in vivo confocal Raman microprobe, we undertake a pilot study in human skin. A fiber optic probe is operated with a 633-nm laser and trials are conducted in healthy volunteers. We examine changes in molecular composition and structure of the stratum corneum, from different volunteers, from different anatomical sites and skin layers. Main spectral variations are detected in the following regions: 800  to  900  cm\u20131 (amino acids); 1200  to  1290  cm\u20131 (proteins); and 1030  to  1130  cm\u20131, 1300  to  1450  cm\u20131, and 2800  to  2900  cm\u20131 (lipids). Curve fitting of the amide 1 region performs in detail protein secondary structural variations of the amide 1 band. Protein conformation is also found to vary depending on the anatomical site and volunteer. Similar analysis of the 730-  to  1170-cm\u20131 spectral window reveals a different organization of lamellar lipids: gel for forearm and palm, and liquid-crystalline phase for fingertips. All these variations result from changes in the stratum corneum components such as natural moisturizing factor (NMF), lipids (namely ceramides), and water. Hierarchical clustering classification is also performed to sort out Raman data obtained from different subjects. Further improvement of the confocal probe would be to adapt a 360-deg configuration enabling access to other anatomical sites.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1117\/1.2003747","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,15]],"date-time":"2005-09-15T18:01:54Z","timestamp":1126807314000},"page":"1-11","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":74,"title":["In vivo chemical investigation of human skin using a confocal Raman fiber optic microprobe"],"prefix":"10.1117","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"L.","family":"Chrit","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. de Reims Champagne-Ardenne"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christophe","family":"Hadjur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"L'Oreal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Morel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HORIBA Jobin Yvon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ganesh D.","family":"Sockalingum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. de Reims Champagne-Ardenne"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Lebourdon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HORIBA Jobin Yvon SAS"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Leroy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"L'Oreal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michel","family":"Manfait","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. de Reims Champagne-Ardenne"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"189","reference":[{"key":"10.1117\/1.2003747_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1002\/aic.690210522","volume":"21","author":"Michaels","year":"1975","journal-title":"J. Am. Inst. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"10.1117\/1.2003747_r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12505953","volume":"78","author":"Grayson","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Invest. Dermatol.","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0022-202X","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"10.1117\/1.2003747_r3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7112128","volume":"217","author":"Wertz","year":"1982","journal-title":"Science","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0036-8075","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"10.1117\/1.2003747_r4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jrs.1250231113"},{"key":"10.1117\/1.2003747_r5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5173(95)00141-5","volume":"125","author":"Anigbogu","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Pharmacol.","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0300-9718","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"10.1117\/1.2003747_r6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12398620","volume":"103","author":"Rawlings","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Invest. Dermatol.","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0022-202X","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"10.1117\/1.2003747_r7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12524316","volume":"75","author":"Tagami","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Invest. Dermatol.","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0022-202X","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"10.1117\/1.2003747_r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12555503"},{"key":"10.1117\/1.2003747_r9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-2494.1995.tb00104.x","volume":"17","author":"Wichrowski","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int. J. Cos. Sci."},{"key":"10.1117\/1.2003747_r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.4.1562"},{"key":"10.1117\/1.2003747_r11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00510068","volume":"277","author":"Potts","year":"1985","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol. Res.","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0340-3696","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"10.1117\/1.2003747_r12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1117\/1.429890","volume":"3","author":"Lucassen","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Opt.","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1083-3668","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"10.1117\/1.2003747_r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018985006220"},{"key":"10.1117\/1.2003747_r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.1998.00430.x"},{"key":"10.1117\/1.2003747_r15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2860(96)09491-4","volume":"408\/409","author":"Schrader","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Mol. Struct.","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0022-2860","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"10.1117\/1.2003747_r16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4555(199702)28:2\/3<131::AID-JRS68>3.3.CO;2-J"},{"key":"10.1117\/1.2003747_r17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1520-6343(1998)4:5+<S31::AID-BSPY4>3.0.CO;2-M"},{"key":"10.1117\/1.2003747_r18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(03)74501-9","volume":"85","author":"Caspers","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biophys. J.","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0006-3495","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"10.1117\/1.2003747_r19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2001.01258.x"},{"key":"10.1117\/1.2003747_r20","unstructured":"P.R. Griffiths and J.H. Haseth , \u201cA series of monographs on analytical chemistry and its applications,\u201d in\n                      Chemical Analysis\n                      , P. J. Elving , J. D. Winefordner , and I. M. Kolthoff , Eds., Vol. 83, Wiley, New York (1986)."},{"key":"10.1117\/1.2003747_r21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1997.6263","volume":"232","author":"Sockalingum","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0006-291X","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"10.1117\/1.2003747_r22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1002\/jrs.1250250113","volume":"25","author":"Williams","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Raman Spectrosc.","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0377-0486","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"10.1117\/1.2003747_r23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bip.360250307"},{"key":"10.1117\/1.2003747_r24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13583","DOI":"10.1021\/bi0110488","volume":"40","author":"Rodriguez-Casado","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biochemistry","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0006-2960","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"10.1117\/1.2003747_r25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1366\/000370204773580202","volume":"58","author":"Xiao","year":"2004","journal-title":"Appl. Spectrosc.","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0003-7028","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"10.1117\/1.2003747_r26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2818.1998.00280.x","volume":"189","author":"Pilgram","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Microsc.","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0022-2720","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"10.1117\/1.2003747_r27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.1983.tb01101.x","volume":"10","author":"Horii","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Invest. Dermatol.","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0022-202X","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"10.1117\/1.2003747_r28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12551492","volume":"54","author":"Tabachnick","year":"1970","journal-title":"J. Invest. Dermatol.","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0022-202X","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"10.1117\/1.2003747_r29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2001.01262.x"},{"key":"10.1117\/1.2003747_r30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jrs.888"},{"key":"10.1117\/1.2003747_r31","first-page":"183","volume":"35","author":"Koyama","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Soc. Cosmet. Chem.","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0037-9832","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"10.1117\/1.2003747_r32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0022-202X.2004.22317.x","volume":"122","author":"Nakagawa","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Invest. Dermatol.","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0022-202X","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"10.1117\/1.2003747_r33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.3.954-959.2003","volume":"41","author":"Sandt","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol.","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0095-1137","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"10.1117\/1.2003747_r34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.2340\/0001555573340343","volume":"73","author":"Von Ziglinicki","year":"1993","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0001-5555","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"10.1117\/1.2003747_r35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12462252","volume":"90","author":"Warner","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Invest. Dermatol.","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0022-202X","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"10.1117\/1.2003747_r36","first-page":"831","volume":"39","author":"Bauer","year":"1998","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Visual Sci.","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0146-0404","issn-type":"print"}],"container-title":["Journal of Biomedical Optics"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.spiedigitallibrary.org\/journals\/journal-of-biomedical-optics\/volume-10\/issue-04\/044007\/In-vivo-chemical-investigation-of-human-skin-using-a-confocal\/10.1117\/1.2003747.full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:37:54Z","timestamp":1790815074000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.spiedigitallibrary.org\/journals\/journal-of-biomedical-optics\/volume-10\/issue-04\/044007\/In-vivo-chemical-investigation-of-human-skin-using-a-confocal\/10.1117\/1.2003747.full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,1]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"04"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1117\/1.2003747","relation":{},"ISSN":["1083-3668","1560-2281"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1083-3668","type":"print"},{"value":"1560-2281","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,1]]}}}