{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T19:10:24Z","timestamp":1791918624262,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"SPIE-Intl Soc Optical Eng","issue":"04","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Biomed. Opt."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Current techniques to assess lymph node metastases in cancer patients include lymphoscintigraphy after administration of a nonspecific radiocolloid in order to locate and resect lymph nodes for pathological examination of harbored cancer cells. Clinical trials involving intradermal or subcutaneous injection of antibody-based nuclear imaging agents have demonstrated the feasibility for target-specific, molecular imaging of cancer-positive lymph nodes. The basis for employing near-infrared (NIR) optical imaging for assessing disease is evidenced by recent work showing functional lymph imaging in mice, swine, and humans. We review antibody-based immunolymphoscintigraphy with an emphasis on the use of trastuzumab (or Herceptin) to target human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) overexpressed in some breast cancers. Specifically, we review in vitro and preclinical imaging data from our laboratory that show how the dual-labeled agent (111In-DTPA)n-trastuzumab-(IRDye800)m utilizes the high photon count provided by an NIR fluorescent dye, IRDye 800CW, and the radioactive signal from a gamma emitter, Indium-111, for possible detection of HER2 metastasis in lymph nodes. We show that the accumulation and clearance of (111In-DTPA)n-trastuzumab-(IRDye800)m from the axillary nodes of mice occurs 48  h after intradermal injection into the dorsal aspect of the foot. The requirement for long clearance times from normal, cancer-negative nodes presents challenges for nuclear imaging agents with limited half-lives but does not hamper NIR optical imaging.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1117\/1.2953498","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,16]],"date-time":"2008-07-16T18:03:16Z","timestamp":1216231396000},"page":"1-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Near infrared fluorescent optical imaging for nodal staging"],"prefix":"10.1117","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Lakshmi","family":"Sampath","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Baylor College of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baylor College of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva M.","family":"Sevick-Muraca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baylor College of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"189","reference":[{"key":"10.1117\/1.2953498_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1334","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7146917","volume":"218","author":"Weinstein","year":"1982","journal-title":"Science","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0036-8075","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"10.1117\/1.2953498_r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6623082","volume":"222","author":"Weinstein","year":"1983","journal-title":"Science","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0036-8075","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"10.1117\/1.2953498_r3","first-page":"1830","volume":"46","author":"Steller","year":"1986","journal-title":"Cancer Res.","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0008-5472","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"10.1117\/1.2953498_r4","first-page":"1736","volume":"28","author":"Wahl","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. 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