{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T01:03:14Z","timestamp":1790816594230,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"SPIE-Intl Soc Optical Eng","issue":"01","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Biomed. Opt."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>It can be useful to present a different image to each of the two eyes while they cooperatively view the world. Such dichoptic presentation can occur in investigations of stereoscopic and binocular vision (e.g., strabismus, amblyopia) and vision rehabilitation in clinical and research settings. Various techniques have been used to construct dichoptic displays. The most common and most flexible modern technique uses liquid-crystal (LC) shutters. When used in combination with cathode ray tube (CRT) displays, there is often leakage of light from the image intended for one eye into the view of the other eye. Such interocular crosstalk is 14% even in our state of the art CRT-based dichoptic system. While such crosstalk may have minimal impact on stereo movie or video game experiences, it can defeat clinical and research investigations. We use micromirror digital light processing (DLPTM) technology to create a novel dichoptic visual display system with substantially lower interocular crosstalk (0.3%; remaining crosstalk comes from the LC shutters). The DLP system normally uses a color wheel to display color images. Our approach is to disable the color wheel, synchronize the display directly to the computer's sync signal, allocate each of the three (former) color presentations to one or both eyes, and open and close the LC shutters in synchrony with those color events.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1117\/1.3292015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,16]],"date-time":"2010-02-16T18:08:07Z","timestamp":1266343687000},"page":"1-13","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["DLPTM-based dichoptic vision test system"],"prefix":"10.1117","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Russell L.","family":"Woods","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Schepens Eye Research Institute"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henry L.","family":"Apfelbaum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Schepens Eye Research Institute"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1340-9257","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eliezer","family":"Peli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Schepens Eye Research Institute"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"189","reference":[{"key":"10.1117\/1.3292015_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"I. P. Howard and B. J. Rogers ,\n                      Binocular Vision and Stereopsis\n                      , Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK (1995).","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780195084764.001.0001"},{"key":"10.1117\/1.3292015_r2","first-page":"1079","volume":"51","author":"Sheedy","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Am. Optom. Assoc.","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0003-0244","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"10.1117\/1.3292015_r3","unstructured":"J. E. Sheedy and J. J. Saladin , \u201cValidity of diagnostic criteria and case analysis in binocular vision disorders,\u201d in\n                      Vergence Eye Movements: Basic and Clinical Aspects\n                      , C. M. Schor and K. J. Ciuffreda , Eds., Butterworths, Boston (1983)."},{"key":"10.1117\/1.3292015_r4","author":"Waltuck","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1117\/1.3292015_r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01886623"},{"key":"10.1117\/1.3292015_r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(87)90190-8"},{"key":"10.1117\/1.3292015_r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(83)90215-8"},{"key":"10.1117\/1.3292015_r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/344060a0"},{"key":"10.1117\/1.3292015_r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1068\/p221365"},{"key":"10.1117\/1.3292015_r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1874440000903010017"},{"key":"10.1117\/1.3292015_r11","unstructured":"C. Dickinson ,\n                      Low Vision: Principles and Practice\n                      , Butterworth, Oxford (1998)."},{"key":"10.1117\/1.3292015_r12","first-page":"1137","volume":"27","author":"Timberlake","year":"1986","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Visual Sci.","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0146-0404","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"10.1117\/1.3292015_r13","unstructured":"A. T. Labianca and E. Peli , \u201cMonocular and binocular PRL are inconsistent,\u201d in\n                      Proc. Intl. Conf. Low Vision, Vision \u201996\n                      1, 381\u2013387 (1997)."},{"key":"10.1117\/1.3292015_r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2006.06.028"},{"key":"10.1117\/1.3292015_r15","unstructured":"A. Doherty, A. R. Bowers, R. L. Woods, and E. Peli , \u201cIs the ring scotoma of a monocular telescope present when viewing binocularly?,\u201d in\n                      Proc. 9th Intl. Conf. Low Vision\u2014Vision 2008\n                      , (2008)."},{"key":"10.1117\/1.3292015_r16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.2940360"},{"key":"10.1117\/1.3292015_r17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1177\/0145482X8808200506","volume":"82","author":"Lippmann","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Vis. Impair. Blin."},{"key":"10.1117\/1.3292015_r18","unstructured":"I. Fetchenheuer, E. Peli, and R. L. Woods , \u201cFunctional visual fields of monocular bioptic telescopes (abstract),\u201d\n                      7th Intl. Conf. Low Vision: Activity Particip.\n                      , 81 (2002)."},{"key":"10.1117\/1.3292015_r19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E-4734","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.08-3144","volume":"50","author":"Ross","year":"2009","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Visual Sci.","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0146-0404","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"10.1117\/1.3292015_r20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-200009000-00006"},{"key":"10.1117\/1.3292015_r21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0b013e31819f9e4d"},{"key":"10.1117\/1.3292015_r22","unstructured":"J. A. Pratt-Johnson and G. Tillson ,\n                      Management of Strabismus and Amblyopia: A Practical Guide\n                      , Thieme Publishing, New York (2001)."},{"key":"10.1117\/1.3292015_r23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(94)00182-L"},{"key":"10.1117\/1.3292015_r24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.18.000302"},{"key":"10.1117\/1.3292015_r25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSA.69.000838"},{"key":"10.1117\/1.3292015_r26","unstructured":"E. Peli , \u201cOptometric and perceptual issues with head-mounted display ( HMD) ,\u201d in\n                      Visual Instrumentation: Optical Design and Engineering Principles\n                      , P. Mouroulis , Ed., pp. 205\u2013276, McGraw-Hill, New-York (1999)."},{"key":"10.1117\/1.3292015_r27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"E. Peli, T. R. Hedges, J. Tang, and D. Landmann , \u201cA binocular stereoscopic display system with coupled convergence and accommodation demands,\u201d in\n                      SID Intl. Symp. Digest Tech. Papers\n                      32, [53.2], 1296\u20131299 (2001).","DOI":"10.1889\/1.1831799"},{"key":"10.1117\/1.3292015_r28","unstructured":"E. Hering ,\n                      Die Lehre vom Binocularen Sehen\n                      , Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, (1868)."},{"key":"10.1117\/1.3292015_r29","first-page":"894","volume":"4","author":"Brown","year":"1965","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Visual Sci.","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0146-0404","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"10.1117\/1.3292015_r30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(94)90269-0"},{"key":"10.1117\/1.3292015_r31","unstructured":"T. K. Lyle and K. C. Wybar ,\n                      Practical Orthoptics in the Treatment of Squint\n                      , H. K. Lewis and Co. Ltd, London (1967)."},{"key":"10.1117\/1.3292015_r32","unstructured":"G. K. von Noorden and E. C. Campos ,\n                      Binocular Vision and Ocular Motility. Theory and Management of Strabismus\n                      , Mosby Inc., St. Louis, MO (2002)."},{"key":"10.1117\/1.3292015_r33","unstructured":"D. Pickwell ,\n                      Binocular Vision Anomalies. Investigation and Treatment\n                      , Butterworths, London (1989)."},{"key":"10.1117\/1.3292015_r34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.12.000817"},{"key":"10.1117\/1.3292015_r35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-198702000-00002","volume":"64","author":"Daum","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am. J. Optom. Physiol. Opt.","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0093-7002","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"10.1117\/1.3292015_r36","first-page":"344","volume":"67","author":"Groffman","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Am. Optom. Assoc.","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0003-0244","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"10.1117\/1.3292015_r37","first-page":"298","volume":"57","author":"Peli","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Am. Optom. Assoc.","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0003-0244","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"10.1117\/1.3292015_r38","unstructured":"I. M. Borish , \u201cSubjective testing,\u201d in\n                      Clinical Refraction\n                      , pp. 715\u2013804, Professional Press, Chicago (1970)."},{"key":"10.1117\/1.3292015_r39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R. W. Reading ,\n                      Binocular Vision. Foundations and Applications\n                      , Butterworths, Boston (1983).","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-198310000-00011"},{"key":"10.1117\/1.3292015_r40","first-page":"683","volume":"34","author":"Yeh","year":"1982","journal-title":"Hum. Factors","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0018-7208","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"10.1117\/1.3292015_r41","unstructured":"L. J. Hornbeck , \u201cDigital light processing for high-brightness, high-resolution applications,\u201d see http:\/\/www.vxm.com\/TIDLP.html and http:\/\/www.dlp.com\/dlp_technology\/images\/dynamic\/white_papers\/141_hornbeck.pdf, Texas Instruments, Austin, TX (1997)."},{"key":"10.1117\/1.3292015_r42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6989(00)00271-6"},{"key":"10.1117\/1.3292015_r43","first-page":"132","volume":"72","author":"Keeney","year":"1974","journal-title":"Trans. Am. Ophthalmol. Soc.","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0065-9533","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"10.1117\/1.3292015_r44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1907","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1983.01040020909015","volume":"101","author":"Fonda","year":"1983","journal-title":"Arch. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1117\/1.3292015_r45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6989(97)00397-0"},{"key":"10.1117\/1.3292015_r46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D. H. Brainard, D. G. Pelli, and T. Robson , \u201cDisplay characterization,\u201d in\n                      Encyclopedia of Imaging Science and Technology\n                      , J. Hornak , Ed., pp. 172\u2013188, Wiley, Hoboken, NY (2002).","DOI":"10.1002\/0471443395.img011"},{"key":"10.1117\/1.3292015_r47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/12.55674"},{"key":"10.1117\/1.3292015_r48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OPN.6.7.000028"},{"key":"10.1117\/1.3292015_r49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/ecej:19920017"},{"key":"10.1117\/1.3292015_r50","unstructured":"G. P. Crawford , Division of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, Personal Communication (2006)."},{"key":"10.1117\/1.3292015_r51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/12.468076"},{"key":"10.1117\/1.3292015_r52","unstructured":"A. J. Woods , \u201cCompatibility of display products with stereoscopic display methods,\u201d in\n                      IDMC \u201905 Proc.\n                      2, 1\u20134 (2005)."},{"key":"10.1117\/1.3292015_r53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stereoscopic Displays and Virtual Reality Systems XIV\n                      , A. J. Woods , N. A. Dodgson , J. O. Merritt , M. T. Bolas , and I. E. McDowall , Eds., Proc. SPIE 6490, entire volume (2007).","DOI":"10.1117\/12.704643"},{"key":"10.1117\/1.3292015_r54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/12.706243"},{"key":"10.1117\/1.3292015_r55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. J. Woods, T. Rourke, and K. L. Yuen , \u201cThe compatibility of consumer displays with time-sequential stereoscopic 3D visualisation (plenary paper),\u201d in\n                      Proc. K-IDS 3-D Display Workshop 2006\n                      , pp. 7\u201310 (2006).","DOI":"10.1117\/12.706243"},{"key":"10.1117\/1.3292015_r56","unstructured":"A. J. Woods and K. L. Yuen , \u201cCompatibility of LCD monitors with frame-sequential stereoscopic 3D visualisation (invited paper),\u201d in\n                      IMID\/IDMC \u201906 Digest\n                      [5\u20134] pp. 98\u2013102 (2006)."},{"key":"10.1117\/1.3292015_r57","unstructured":"\u201cJonathan C. Horton, MD, PhD, wins 2008 Bressler Prize in vision science,\u201d in\n                      The Guild Newsletter, The Jewish Guild for the Blind\n                      , New York, (2008)."},{"key":"10.1117\/1.3292015_r58","unstructured":"H. Jorke and M. Fritz , \u201cInfitec\u2014a new stereoscopic visualisation tool by wavelength multiplexing,\u201d see http:\/\/www.infitec.net\/infitec_english.pdf, Ulm, Germany (2003)."},{"key":"10.1117\/1.3292015_r59","unstructured":"S. Shankland , \u201cDolby stakes its claim in 3D movie tech,\u201d see http:\/\/news.zdnet.com\/2100-9588_22-168848.html, ZDNet, San Francsico (2007)."},{"key":"10.1117\/1.3292015_r60","unstructured":"D. Rowe , at N. V. Barco, Dayton, OH, Personal Communication (Jul. 2009)."},{"key":"10.1117\/1.3292015_r61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/156856897X00401"},{"key":"10.1117\/1.3292015_r62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(98)91235-0"},{"key":"10.1117\/1.3292015_r63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-1549(03)00003-8"},{"key":"10.1117\/1.3292015_r64","unstructured":"R. Shapley and D. M. K. Lam ,\n                      Contrast Sensitivity, A Bradford Book\n                      , MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, (1993)."}],"container-title":["Journal of Biomedical Optics"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.spiedigitallibrary.org\/journals\/journal-of-biomedical-optics\/volume-15\/issue-01\/016011\/DLPTM-based-dichoptic-vision-test-system\/10.1117\/1.3292015.full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:31:20Z","timestamp":1790814680000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.spiedigitallibrary.org\/journals\/journal-of-biomedical-optics\/volume-15\/issue-01\/016011\/DLPTM-based-dichoptic-vision-test-system\/10.1117\/1.3292015.full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,1]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"01"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1117\/1.3292015","relation":{},"ISSN":["1083-3668","1560-2281"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1083-3668","type":"print"},{"value":"1560-2281","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,1]]}}}