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Contrast agent uptake and localization in freshly resected mucosal tissues was monitored using confocal microscopy. Chitosan-IAA was found to reversibly enhance mucosal permeability in a rapid, reproducible manner, facilitating transepithelial delivery of optical contrast agents. Permeation enhancement occurred through an active process, resulting in the delivery of contrast agents via a paracellular or a combined paracellular\/transcellular route depending on size. Coadministration of epidermal growth factor receptor-targeted antibodies with chitosan-IAA facilitated specific labeling and discrimination between paired normal and malignant human oral biopsies. Together, these data suggest that chitosan-IAA is a promising topical permeation enhancer for mucosal delivery of optical contrast agents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1117\/1.3309739","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,19]],"date-time":"2010-02-19T18:08:15Z","timestamp":1266602895000},"page":"1-11","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Efficient mucosal delivery of optical contrast agents using imidazole-modified chitosan"],"prefix":"10.1117","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Bilal","family":"Ghosn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Univ. of Texas at Austin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne L.","family":"van de Ven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rice Univ."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justina O.","family":"Tam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Univ. of Texas at Austin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann M.","family":"Gillenwater","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Univ. of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Ctr."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Konstantin V.","family":"Sokolov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Univ. of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Ctr."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2347-9467","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca R.","family":"Richards-Kortum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rice Univ."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krishnendu","family":"Roy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Univ. of Texas at Austin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"189","reference":[{"key":"10.1117\/1.3309739_r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.neo.7900077"},{"key":"10.1117\/1.3309739_r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.24222"},{"key":"10.1117\/1.3309739_r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bc060184s"},{"key":"10.1117\/1.3309739_r4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2007.76"},{"key":"10.1117\/1.3309739_r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11307-005-0011-6"},{"key":"10.1117\/1.3309739_r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bc050345c"},{"key":"10.1117\/1.3309739_r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-944735"},{"key":"10.1117\/1.3309739_r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.15.016413"},{"key":"10.1117\/1.3309739_r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2008.05.018"},{"key":"10.1117\/1.3309739_r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2005.05.021"},{"key":"10.1117\/1.3309739_r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.2737351"},{"key":"10.1117\/1.3309739_r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt927"},{"key":"10.1117\/1.3309739_r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat2162"},{"key":"10.1117\/1.3309739_r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/nl062962v"},{"key":"10.1117\/1.3309739_r15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt994"},{"key":"10.1117\/1.3309739_r16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja057254a"},{"key":"10.1117\/1.3309739_r17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1177\/153303460300200602","volume":"2","author":"Sokolov","year":"2003","journal-title":"Technol. 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