{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T19:23:25Z","timestamp":1793042605871,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"SPIE-Intl Soc Optical Eng","issue":"01","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]],"date-time":"2026-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770595200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biophoton. Discovery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>SignificanceEarly detection of keratoconus (KC), a progressive corneal disorder, remains a major clinical challenge. Polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) is an advanced imaging technique that can quantify corneal birefringence, offering insight into collagen organization and microstructural integrity.ApproachA total of 359 eyes were examined and evaluated. This study explores PS-OCT-derived phase retardation (PR) and corneal sublayer thickness as potential diagnostic biomarkers for healthy, subclinical (SKC), and KC eyes. Further, the performance of AI-based classification models developed from PS-OCT, Pentacam, and MS-39 data were compared, using random forest classifier trained with a leave-one-out methodology and identical hyperparameter settings.ResultsAll AI models demonstrated comparable accuracy among devices for healthy and KC detection. However, SKC classification differed from Pentacam and MS-39. Here, 39.5% of the SKC eyes were reclassified as healthy by PS-OCT, compared with 27.5% by Pentacam and 30.3% by MS-39. The average diagnostic performance of PS-OCT included an AUC, precision, recall, F1 score, and accuracy of 0.91, 83%, 82%, 0.82, and 82%, respectively. For the Pentacam, the same were 0.95, 87%, 86%, 0.86, and 86%, respectively. For the MS-39, the same were 0.94, 86%, 86%, 0.85, and 86%, respectively.ConclusionsOverall, AI model agreement was strong for healthy and KC groups but varied in SKC. PS-OCT provides complementary diagnostic value and may refine subclinical KC detection for safer refractive surgery decisions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1117\/1.bios.3.1.015004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]],"date-time":"2026-02-09T14:08:22Z","timestamp":1770646102000},"page":"1-12","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Advancing subclinical keratoconus detection using polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography and artificial intelligence"],"prefix":"10.1117","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Rahul","family":"Patil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Narayana Nethralaya Foundation"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raghav","family":"Narasimhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Narayana Nethralaya Foundation"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anchana","family":"Pisharody","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Narayana Nethralaya Foundation"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rohit","family":"Shetty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Narayana Nethralaya Foundation"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pooja","family":"Khamar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Narayana Nethralaya Foundation"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vinodhini","family":"Devendiran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Narayana Nethralaya Foundation"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rudy M. M.","family":"Nuijts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maastricht Univ. Medical Ctr."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2039-728X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abhijit","family":"Sinha Roy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Narayana Nethralaya Foundation"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"189","container-title":["Biophotonics Discovery"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.spiedigitallibrary.org\/journals\/biophotonics-discovery\/volume-3\/issue-01\/015004\/Advancing-subclinical-keratoconus-detection-using-polarization-sensitive-optical-coherence-tomography\/10.1117\/1.BIOS.3.1.015004.full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T20:21:03Z","timestamp":1790194863000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.spiedigitallibrary.org\/journals\/biophotonics-discovery\/volume-3\/issue-01\/015004\/Advancing-subclinical-keratoconus-detection-using-polarization-sensitive-optical-coherence-tomography\/10.1117\/1.BIOS.3.1.015004.full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"01","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1117\/1.bios.3.1.015004","relation":{},"ISSN":["3005-4745","3005-4745"],"issn-type":[{"value":"3005-4745","type":"print"},{"value":"3005-4745","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]]}}}