{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T19:56:05Z","timestamp":1790625365809,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"SPIE-Intl Soc Optical Eng","issue":"06","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,24]],"date-time":"2013-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1372032000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Biomed. Opt."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Raman spectroscopy is a unique optical technique that can probe the changes of vibrational modes of biomolecules associated with tissue premalignant transformation. This study evaluates the clinical utility of confocal Raman spectroscopy over near-infrared (NIR) autofluorescence (AF) spectroscopy and composite NIR AF\/Raman spectroscopy for improving early diagnosis of cervical precancer in vivo at colposcopy. A rapid NIR Raman system coupled with a ball-lens fiber-optic confocal Raman probe was utilized for in vivo NIR AF\/Raman spectral measurements of the cervix. A total of 1240 in vivo Raman spectra [normal (n=993 ), dysplasia (n=247 )] were acquired from 84 cervical patients. Principal components analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) together with a leave-one-patient-out, cross-validation method were used to extract the diagnostic information associated with distinctive spectroscopic modalities. The diagnostic ability of confocal Raman spectroscopy was evaluated using the PCA-LDA model developed from the significant principal components (PCs) [i.e., PC4, 0.0023%; PC5, 0.00095%; PC8, 0.00022%, (p&lt;0.05 )], representing the primary tissue Raman features (e.g., 854, 937, 1095, 1253, 1311, 1445, and 1654\u2009\u2009cm \u22121  ). Confocal Raman spectroscopy coupled with PCA-LDA modeling yielded the diagnostic accuracy of 84.1% (a sensitivity of 81.0% and a specificity of 87.1%) for in vivo discrimination of dysplastic cervix. The receiver operating characteristic curves further confirmed that the best classification was achieved using confocal Raman spectroscopy compared to the composite NIR AF\/Raman spectroscopy or NIR AF spectroscopy alone. This study illustrates that confocal Raman spectroscopy has great potential to improve early diagnosis of cervical precancer in vivo during clinical colposcopy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1117\/1.jbo.18.6.067007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,24]],"date-time":"2013-06-24T12:30:21Z","timestamp":1372077021000},"page":"1-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Near-infrared-excited confocal Raman spectroscopy advances in vivo diagnosis of cervical precancer"],"prefix":"10.1117","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Shiyamala","family":"Duraipandian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Univ. of Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Univ. of Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Univ. Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey J.","family":"Low","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Univ. Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arunachalam","family":"Ilancheran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Univ. Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0104-9135","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhiwei","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Univ. of Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"189","container-title":["Journal of Biomedical Optics"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.spiedigitallibrary.org\/journals\/journal-of-biomedical-optics\/volume-18\/issue-06\/067007\/Near-infrared-excited-confocal-Raman-spectroscopy-advances-in-vivo-diagnosis\/10.1117\/1.JBO.18.6.067007.full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T19:05:23Z","timestamp":1790622323000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.spiedigitallibrary.org\/journals\/journal-of-biomedical-optics\/volume-18\/issue-06\/067007\/Near-infrared-excited-confocal-Raman-spectroscopy-advances-in-vivo-diagnosis\/10.1117\/1.JBO.18.6.067007.full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,24]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"06"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1117\/1.jbo.18.6.067007","relation":{},"ISSN":["1083-3668","1560-2281"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1083-3668","type":"print"},{"value":"1560-2281","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,24]]}}}