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Biomed. Opt."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Cocaine abuse can lead to cerebral strokes and hemorrhages secondary to cocaine\u2019s cerebrovascular effects, which are poorly understood. We assessed cocaine\u2019s effects on cerebrovascular anatomy and function in the somatosensory cortex of the rat\u2019s brain. Optical coherence tomography was used for in vivo imaging of three-dimensional cerebral blood flow (CBF) networks and to quantify CBF velocities (CBFv), and multiwavelength laser-speckle-imaging was used to simultaneously measure changes in CBFv, oxygenated (\u0394[HbO2]) and deoxygenated hemoglobin (\u0394[HbR]) concentrations prior to and after an acute cocaine challenge in chronically cocaine exposed rats. Immunofluorescence techniques on brain slices were used to quantify microvasculature density and levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). After chronic cocaine (2 and 4 weeks), CBFv in small vessels decreased, whereas vasculature density and VEGF levels increased. Acute cocaine further reduced CBFv and decreased \u0394[HbO2] and this decline was larger and longer lasting in 4 weeks than 2 weeks cocaine-exposed rats, which indicates that risk for ischemia is heightened during intoxication and that it increases with chronic exposures. These results provide evidence of cocaine-induced angiogenesis in cortex. The CBF reduction after chronic cocaine exposure, despite the increases in vessel density, indicate that angiogenesis was insufficient to compensate for cocaine-induced disruption of cerebrovascular function.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1117\/1.jbo.21.2.026006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,11]],"date-time":"2016-02-11T21:30:53Z","timestamp":1455226253000},"page":"1-12","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Chronic cocaine disrupts neurovascular networks and cerebral function: optical imaging studies in rodents"],"prefix":"10.1117","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Qiujia","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Stony Brook Univ."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiang","family":"You","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stony Brook Univ."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nora D.","family":"Volkow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National 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