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Biomed. Opt."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>High-sensitivity temperature sensors have been used to validate real-time thermal responses in tissue during photothermal treatment. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the feasible application of a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor for diffuser-assisted laser-induced interstitial thermotherapy (LITT) particularly to treat tubular tissue disease. A 600-\u03bcm core-diameter diffuser was employed to deliver 980-nm laser light for coagulation treatment. Both a thermocouple and a FBG were comparatively tested to evaluate temperature measurements in ex vivo liver tissue. The degree of tissue denaturation was estimated as a function of irradiation times and quantitatively compared with light distribution as well as temperature development. At the closer distance to a heat source, the thermocouple measured up to 41% higher maximum temperature than the FBG sensor did after 120-s irradiation (i.e., 98.7\u00b0C\u00b16.1\u00b0C for FBG versus 131.0\u00b0C\u00b15.1\u00b0C for thermocouple; p&lt;0.001). Ex vivo porcine urethra tests confirmed the real-time temperature measurements of the FBG sensor as well as consistently circumferential tissue denaturation after 72-s irradiation (coagulation thickness=2.2\u00b10.3\u2009\u2009mm). The implementation of FBG can be a feasible sensing technique to instantaneously monitor the temperature developments during diffuser-assisted LITT for treatment of tubular tissue structure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1117\/1.jbo.22.4.045008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,20]],"date-time":"2017-04-20T06:30:50Z","timestamp":1492669850000},"page":"1-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Real-time temperature monitoring with fiber Bragg grating sensor during diffuser-assisted laser-induced interstitial thermotherapy"],"prefix":"10.1117","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Ngot Thi","family":"Pham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pukyong National Univ."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seul Lee","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pukyong National 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