{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T03:18:01Z","timestamp":1793935081938,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"SPIE-Intl Soc Optical Eng","issue":"01","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,23]],"date-time":"2018-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1516665600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"LiteCure LLC"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Biomed. Opt."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Noninvasive photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) of spinal cord disease remains speculative due to the lack of evidence for whether photobiomodulatory irradiances can be transcutaneously delivered to the spinal cord under a clinically acceptable PBMT surface irradiation protocol. We developed a flexible nine-channel photodetection probe for deployment within the spinal canal of a cadaver dog after hemilaminectomy to measure transcutaneously transmitted PBMT irradiance at nine sites over an eight-cm spinal canal length. The probe was built upon a 6.325-mm tubular stem, to the surface of which nine photodiodes were epoxied at approximately 1\u00a0cm apart. The photodiode has a form factor of 4.80\u2009\u2009mm\u00d72.10\u2009\u2009mm\u00d71.15\u2009\u2009mm (length\u00d7width\u00d7height). Each photodiode was individually calibrated to deliver 1\u00a0V per 7.58\u2009\u2009\u03bcW\/cm2 continuous irradiance at 850\u00a0nm. The outputs of eight photodiodes were logged concurrently using a data acquisition module interfacing eight channels of differential analog signals, while the output of the ninth photodiode was measured by a precision multimeter. This flexible probe rendered simultaneous intraspinal (nine-site) measurements of transcutaneous PBMT irradiations at 980\u00a0nm in a pilot cadaver dog model. At a surface continuous irradiance of 3.14\u2009\u2009W\/cm2 applied off-contact between L1 and L2, intraspinal irradiances picked up by nine photodiodes had a maximum of 327.48\u2009\u2009\u03bcW\/cm2 without the skin and 5.68\u2009\u2009\u03bcW\/cm2 with the skin.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1117\/1.jbo.23.1.010503","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,23]],"date-time":"2018-01-23T10:56:23Z","timestamp":1516704983000},"page":"1-4","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Flexible nine-channel photodetector probe facilitated intraspinal multisite transcutaneous photobiomodulation therapy dosimetry in cadaver dogs"],"prefix":"10.1117","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0922-6885","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daqing","family":"Piao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oklahoma State Univ."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lara  A.","family":"Sypniewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ctr. for Veterinary Health, Oklahoma State Univ."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Bailey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oklahoma State Univ."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danielle","family":"Dugat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ctr. for Veterinary Health, Oklahoma State Univ."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel J.","family":"Burba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ctr for Veterinary Health , Oklahoma State Univ."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0153-6419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis H.","family":"De Taboada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LiteCure, LLC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"189","reference":[{"key":"r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.v47.4"},{"key":"r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.v42:6"},{"key":"r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.109.547547"},{"key":"r4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/0147-7447-19920901-05"},{"key":"r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-011-0983-1"},{"key":"r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-011-1008-9"},{"key":"r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.v7.8"},{"key":"r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2015.01.031"},{"key":"r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JBO.22.1.018003"},{"key":"r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-016-1914-y"},{"key":"r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-016-2126-1"},{"key":"r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/12.2248164"},{"key":"r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.22471"}],"container-title":["Journal of Biomedical Optics"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.spiedigitallibrary.org\/journals\/journal-of-biomedical-optics\/volume-23\/issue-01\/010503\/Flexible-nine-channel-photodetector-probe-facilitated-intraspinal-multisite-transcutaneous-photobiomodulation\/10.1117\/1.JBO.23.1.010503.full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T01:07:49Z","timestamp":1790298469000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.spiedigitallibrary.org\/journals\/journal-of-biomedical-optics\/volume-23\/issue-01\/010503\/Flexible-nine-channel-photodetector-probe-facilitated-intraspinal-multisite-transcutaneous-photobiomodulation\/10.1117\/1.JBO.23.1.010503.full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,23]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"01"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1117\/1.jbo.23.1.010503","relation":{},"ISSN":["1083-3668","1560-2281"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1083-3668","type":"print"},{"value":"1560-2281","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,23]]}}}